Synthetic Methods and Applications of Functional and Reactive Silicone Polymers
Siloxane polymers (widely known as silicones) are ubiquitous materials with a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals and medical devices to nautical sealants and high temperature lubricants. This is due to its robust and advantageous properties
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Synthetic Methods and Applications of Functional and Reactive Silicone Polymers Kaleigh M. Ryan, Adam D. Drumm, Claire E. Martin, Anna-Katharina Krumpfer, and Joseph W. Krumpfer
Abstract Siloxane polymers (widely known as silicones) are ubiquitous materials with a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals and medical devices to nautical sealants and high temperature lubricants. This is due to its robust and advantageous properties as an inorganic-organic polymer, which differ widely from traditional polyolefin materials. In this chapter, the unique and remarkable properties of siloxane polymers will be analyzed, as well as the synthetic strategies for the preparation of traditional and functional silicones. An examination of the functions of siloxane polymers and copolymers in various industries, such as polyurethane foams and fluorosilicone lubricants, is presented. Traditional methods for crosslinking of siloxane polymers and the resulting coatings and bulk materials will be compared with recent advances in silicone coupling reactions, such as the Piers-Rubinsztajn and ‘click’ reactions. Finally, we examine the new emerging approach on the siloxane bond as a reactive functional group in its own right for the preparation of advanced non-stick resins and surfaces. Keywords Crosslinking · Hydrophobic · Silane · Siloxane · Surfactant
13.1 Introduction Siloxane polymers, colloquially called ‘silicones’, are among the most commonplace and ubiquitous polymers in commercial and daily use (Rochow 1946; Post 1949; Brook 2000; Clarson and Semlyen 1993). Their diverse properties make them excellent candidates for a large number of applications, including astronaut boots,
K. M. Ryan · A. D. Drumm · C. E. Martin · J. W. Krumpfer (*) Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA A.-K. Krumpfer IBM Corporation, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_13
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coatings (Zhang and Seeger 2011), cosmetics (Horii and Kannan 2008), foaming and anti-foaming agents (Baferani et al. 2018), medical implants (Brook 2012), pharmaceuticals (Rodriguez-Lopez et al. 2019) and sealants. While siloxane polymers have been initially prepared since the second half of the nineteenth century (1800s), it was not until the mid-1940s that they became industrially and commercially relevant materials. Since then, they have become an important part of our daily routines in some way or another. Despite this, they are often overlooked as compared to their carbon-based counterparts. This chapter highlights many of the fundamental aspects of siloxane polymers and what gives them such unique functionality. A brief introduction on the silicon nomenclature is presented to dispel the confusion about the terminology of siloxane polymers present throughout the chapter. The basic properties and molecular characteristics which differentiate this class of p
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