Photosynthetic and ultrastructural adaptability of Anemone shikokiana leaves to heterogeneous habitats
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ECOLOGY & BIOGEOGRAPHY - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Photosynthetic and ultrastructural adaptability of Anemone shikokiana leaves to heterogeneous habitats Yujuan Pang1 · Lixia Li1 · Fuhua Bian1 Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Anemone shikokiana (Makina) Makina is distributed in two heterogeneous habitats, including mountaintop shrubland and conifer and broad-leaf mixed forest. To better understand the mechanisms used by A. shikokiana in adapting to these different environments, the photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructure of the leaves were investigated. The findings revealed that, under the same optical quantum flux density, the net photosynthetic rate in the leaves of mountaintop shrubland was significantly higher than that found in the mixed forest, but the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentrations and transpiration rate were lower. The effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), photochemical quenching coefficient, non-photochemical quenching coefficient and electron transfer rate in the conifer and broad-leaf mixed forest were significantly lower than those values determined for plants in mountaintop shrubland. However, the maximal quantum yield of PSII exhibited no significant difference between the two habitats. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that the numbers of chloroplasts and mitochondria per mesophyll cell and starch grains per chloroplast in the mountaintop shrubs were higher than those found in the conifer and broad-leaf mixed forest samples. Moreover, they showed an increasing trend month by month in April, May and June. It indicated that elevated temperature increased their numbers. These findings illustrate that A. shikokiana efficiently uses environmentally limited resources to adapt to different living environments. The study reveals that the mechanisms that underlie the response of A. shikokiana to heterogeneous habitats involve photosynthetic and ultrastructural variations, thus providing a theoretical basis for future study. Keywords Chlorophyll fluorescence · Conifer and broad-leaf mixed forest · Mountaintop shrubland · Photosynthetic efficiency · Transmission electron micrograph
1 Introduction Plants receive and process sunlight and CO2 as the main resources for their development and reproduction (Alamin et al. 2018). Hence, the distribution and abundance of plant species are strongly influenced by their physiological tolerance of environmental conditions (Heschel et al. 2004). Within many plant species with wide ecological ranges of distribution, ecotypes have evolved that possess inherent physiological and structural characteristics, which permit successful adaptation to prevailing environmental conditions. Understanding how the ecological performance of a species is affected by environmental variations can help * Fuhua Bian [email protected] 1
College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
researchers elucidate possible mechan
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