Plant cell ( Brassica napus ) response to europium(III) and uranium(VI) exposure
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Plant cell (Brassica napus) response to europium(III) and uranium(VI) exposure Henry Moll 1
&
Susanne Sachs 1 & Gerhard Geipel 1
Received: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Experiments conducted over a period of 6 weeks using Brassica napus callus cells grown in vitro under Eu(III) or U(VI) stress showed that B. napus cells were able to bioassociate both potentially toxic metals (PTM), 628 nmol Eu/gfresh cells and 995 nmol U/gfresh cells. Most of the Eu(III) and U(VI) was found to be enriched in the cell wall fraction. Under high metal stress (200 μM), cells responded with reduced cell viability and growth. Subsequent speciation analyses using both metals as luminescence probes confirmed that B. napus callus cells provided multiple-binding environments for Eu(III) and U(VI). Moreover, two different inner-sphere Eu3+ species could be distinguished. For U(VI), a dominant binding by organic and/or inorganic phosphate groups of the plant biomass can be concluded. Keywords Uranium . Europium . Plant cells . Luminescence spectroscopy . Viability
Introduction The transfer of radionuclides such as actinides through the environment represents a critical safety concern for both nuclear waste repositories and former uranium mining and milling sites that must be made secure. Similarly, the potential harm associated with the growing use of lanthanides, for instance in high-tech products, has resulted in an elevated release of these elements into the environment, which may also represent severe health risk for humans. Due to the fact that lanthanides and actinides display many similarities based on their comparable ionic radii for elements of the same oxidation state and their analogous aqueous chemistry, lanthanides are considered to be suitable chemical analogs for actinides from a (bio-)chemical point of view. For instance, Eu(III) represents
Responsible editor: Gangrong Shi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09525-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Henry Moll [email protected] 1
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
an analog for the trivalent actinides americium(III) and curium(III). The accumulation of radionuclides and other potentially toxic metals (PTMs) into plants, and thus into the food chain, represents a potential pathway for human exposure. Plants need trace elements, e.g., copper and zinc, which represent important micronutrients for metabolic maintenance. However, in higher concentrations, all metal ions are toxic. Actinides and lanthanides, e.g., uranium and europium, are generally non-essential elements and are unlikely to have a special route for transport into plants; nonetheless, they can be taken up by plants and may interfere with normal metabolic processes. For instance, PTMs can replace essential metal ions from their binding sites in enzymes, damage sulfh
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