Polymer Recycling in Additive Manufacturing: an Opportunity for the Circular Economy
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REVIEW
Polymer Recycling in Additive Manufacturing: an Opportunity for the Circular Economy Vigneshwaran Shanmugam 1 & Oisik Das 3 & Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany 4 & Karthik Babu 5 & Sunpreet Singh 6 & Mikael S. Hedenqvist 2 & Filippo Berto 7 & Seeram Ramakrishna 6 Received: 29 July 2020 / Revised: 20 October 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract This article is a short review of the circular material economy and recycling in the additive manufacturing (AM) of polymers. In the recent years, there has been a surge regarding the production of numerous products through AM of various polymers. AM can provide an opportunity for a better manufacturing solution to facilitate productivity and sustainability in the circular economy. AM with a circular economy approach can provide adequate incentives for the recycling and reuse of polymers. It is therefore crucial to analyse the possibilities of recycling and reuse of polymers in AM. Some ongoing research has attempted to remanufacture polymers from recycled materials. This is necessary because polymer waste is a critical threat to the environment making an effective end-of-life treatment imperative. This review aims to provide a holistic view of recycling and reuse of AM materials. Studies investigating remanufactured feedstock materials and polymers as well as composites have been reviewed. The findings point to the fact that there are significant opportunities for recyclable polymers to be used in the development of AM products. Keywords 3D printing . Additive manufacturing . Fused deposition modelling . Recycling . Remanufacturing . Polymer . Composites . Material circular economy
Introduction In the recent years, design for the circular economy has evolved as a primary strategy for researchers in the field of sustainable design (Sauerwein et al. 2019). Extension of material life and complete recovery of materials and its structure are the basic components of this methodology, where a progressive system between recovery procedures ensures the stability of the material, i.e. the degree to which the material remains the same from its originality (Hollander et al. 2017).
* Vigneshwaran Shanmugam [email protected] * Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany [email protected]
In other words, in the material circular economy, the value of the product is maintained as long as possible and the waste is minimised (European Commission 2015). The circular economy is recommended as a strategy to tackle rapid economic change that is compatible with sustainable economic development and environmental protection (EMF 2012, 2013; Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF), SUN, McKinsey, and Co 2015; CIRAIG 2015; European Commission 2014, 2015). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) is dedicated to ensuring a real-
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Present address: Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Department of
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