Preparation and properties of micro- and nanocomposites composed of a water-soluble nylon and aramid fibers
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Preparation and properties of micro‑ and nanocomposites composed of a water‑soluble nylon and aramid fibers Ryogo Kobayashi1 · Mitsuhiro Shibata1 Received: 2 April 2020 / Revised: 12 October 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A commercial 20 wt% solid paste of microfibrillated aramid fibers (MFAs) containing water was treated with potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide to produce aramid nanofibers (ANFs). Nanocomposites composed of a water-soluble nylon (A-90, amine-modified poly(ɛ-caprolactam)) and ANFs with fiber contents of 0–5 phr (i.e., parts per hundred resin) were prepared by a casting method of the resin/ fiber dispersion in water. A-90/MFA microcomposites were also prepared by the same method for comparison. The FE-SEM analysis revealed that ANFs are much finer than MFAs, and both the fibers are homogeneously dispersed in all the composites. The glass transition and maximum thermal decomposition temperatures of A-90/ANF and A-90/MFA composites were higher than those of A-90. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break for A-90/ANF and A-90/MFA composites increased with increasing fiber content. When tensile properties of A-90/ ANF and A-90/MFA composites with the same fiber content were compared, A-90/ ANF nanocomposites exhibited much better tensile properties than A-90/MFA composites did. Especially, the tensile toughness of A-90/ANF 5 phr was about three times higher than that of A-90. Keywords Water-soluble nylon · Microfibrillated aramid fiber · Aramid nanofiber · Nanocomposites · Thermal and mechanical properties
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s0028 9-020-03434-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mitsuhiro Shibata [email protected] 1
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2‑17‑1, Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275‑0016, Japan
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Polymers reinforced with nanofibers have attracted attention in recent years due to superior mechanical properties at a lower fiber loading than microfiber-reinforced polymers, leading to the production of lighter weight high-performance polymer composites [1, 2]. In recent years, nanofibers derived from abundant natural resources such as cellulose [3–7] and chitin [8–12] have been actively investigated as reinforcing fibers for various polymers in order to develop environmentally benign and biocompatible composites. The aqueous suspensions of cellulose and chitin nanofibers with diameters of 10–50 nm can be effectively prepared by the high-pressure homogenization method of the corresponding microscale biofibers [13, 14]. Their bio-based nanofibers are commercially available from several companies at present. On the other hand, aramid fibers (poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide, most commonly known as Kevlar®) are well known as highstrength man-m
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