Preparation and Suspension of Academician System Between 1980 and 1981
The Chinese Academy of Sciences made legislative preparations for its academician system after it set up the academic divisions in 1955.
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The Establishment and Reconstruction of the Academician System in China
The Establishment and Reconstruction of the Academician System in China
Jinhai Guo
The Establishment and Reconstruction of the Academician System in China
123
Jinhai Guo Institute for the History of Natural Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China Translated by Xiaoxuan Zhou East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai, China
Weizhen Gu East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai, China
ISBN 978-981-15-7207-4 ISBN 978-981-15-7208-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7208-1
(eBook)
Jointly published with Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press Not for sale outside the Mainland of China (Not for sale in Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and Taiwan, and all countries, except the Mainland of China) © Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
The academician system is recognized as being one of the most important institutional arrangements of science academies worldwide. It was first established in Europe during the seventeenth century. Western science was introduced into China at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and it instilled new vitality into the declining, ancient empire. China began the difficult and tortuous process of integrating itself into this world-renowned academic system. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the imperial examinations were abolished. Around the same time, many traditional science and technology disciplines were interrupted, and then the process of systematizing Chinese science began. In 1928, Academia Sinica, the highest academic research institution in the Republic of China,
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