Preparation of chitosan/gelatin composite foam with ternary solvents of dioxane/acetic acid/water and its water absorpti
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Preparation of chitosan/gelatin composite foam with ternary solvents of dioxane/acetic acid/water and its water absorption capacity Jing Peng1 · Xuejun Wang1,2 · Tao Lou1,2 Received: 19 July 2019 / Revised: 30 September 2019 / Accepted: 3 November 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Green superabsorbent polymer has attracted more attention in recent years. In this study, the natural-derived polymers of chitosan and gelatin composite foam with excellent water absorption capacity (WAC) were successfully prepared with ternary solvents. The optimal process parameters are: chitosan/gelatin mass ratio of 90:10 (w/w), ternary solvents of dioxane/acetic acid/water = 2:0.8:77.2 (v/v/v), chitosan/ gelatin total concentration of 1% (w/v), and freezing temperature of − 196 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the prepared chitosan/gelatin composite foam reached water absorption equilibrium less than 60 min and the WAC was 651 g/g. The composite foam also had excellent WAC in a wide range of pH, temperature, and salt concentration. It demonstrates that water absorption capacity can be improved by combining chitosan with gelatin without chemical modification and optimizing the physical microstructure by the ternary solvents system and freezing temperature. The nontoxic chitosan/gelatin composite foam with super water absorbency can find potential applications especially in the fields of hygiene and biomedicine. Keywords Chitosan · Gelatin · Ternary solvents · Water absorption capacity
Introduction Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have excellent water retention capacity, which is attributed to the presence of hydrophilic functional groups on the polymer chain, such as carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl groups [1–3]. SAPs are widely used in the fields of hygiene [4], agriculture [5], purification [6], drug delivery [7], and food industry [8]. Recently, with the rising concerns of environmental and ecological * Tao Lou [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 26607, China
2
Institute of Polymer Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 26607, China
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protection, the further development of green water absorbent polymer has been demanded intensively [9]. Various natural and natural-derived polymers, such as starch [8], cellulose [10], sodium alginate [11], chitosan [12], and gelatin [13], have been used for preparation of eco-friendly SAP. Among them, chitosan and gelatin were widely employed because of their biodegradability [14], biocompatibility [15], and non-toxicity [16, 17]. Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide obtained from deacetylated chitin, extracted from the horny shell of crustacean [18]. Fortunately, chitosan has hydrophilic functional groups, such as –OH and –NH2 [19], which endows its good WAC. For example, a SAP made from chitosan was prepared via carboxymethylation of chitosan, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The optimal product was obtained when the process of carboxym
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