Principles of Health Interoperability HL7 and SNOMED
Interoperability between healthcare computer systems depends on us developing, implementing and deploying appropriate standards, such as HL7 and SNOMED CT, working together as a tightly specified language. The documentation of HL7 and SNOMED runs to tens
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(formerly Computers in Health Care) Kathryn J. Hannah Marion J. Ball Series Editors
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/1114
Tim Benson
Principles of Health Interoperability HL7 and SNOMED
Tim Benson www.abies.co.uk Thatcham RG 18 9WL UK
ISBN 978-1-84882-802-5 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-803-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-803-2 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941467 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to my sons Laurence, Oliver, Alex and Jamie.
Foreword
Health data standards are a necessary component for interoperability in health care. Aggregation of health-related data mandates the use of standards, and aggregation is necessary to support safe and quality care. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) includes $19 billion in direct funding and an additional $18.5 billion in returned savings tagged to the use of health information technology (HIT). The resulting expanding use of HIT has engaged a growing number of stakeholders, many of whom are now realizing the value of standards. All aspects of the process of creating and effectively using electronic health records (EHRs), which meet the requirements of “meaningful use,” require standards. From the planning stages of effective use of HIT through reference information models, data models, use cases, story boards, and domain analysis models; to defining the data elements with common terminologies, definitions, data types, units and other attributes; to templates, clinical statements, clinical documents and data interchange; and to the EHR, its functional requirements in multiple sites and presentations; to decision support standards; and including standards for security and privacy. These standards extend beyond definition standards, to use standards for
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