Purification and economic analysis of nanoclay from bentonite
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Purification and economic analysis of nanoclay from bentonite Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh 1 & Ava Heidari 1 & Alireza Karimi 2 & Mohammad Ali Pezhman 3 & Behnam Asgari Lajayer 4 Eder Claudio Lima 5
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Received: 28 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nowadays, due to the most application of montmorillonite, its purification from raw bentonite has great importance. More than 76% of bentonite is composed of montmorillonite, and its industrial applications are related to its montmorillonite content. In this study, the nanoclay was extracted from bentonite by the use of centrifugal force. The results of the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis show that the nanosized of purified montmorillonite has a sheet structure with a spacing of 22.41 nm and 45.0 nm. The sharp peaks in X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) illustrated that the montmorillonite purified successfully, and the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) revealed the successful incorporation of the metabolic extraction within the montmorillonite. By comparison of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results with IUPAC, it can be realized that the synthesized montmorillonite nanoclay has a microporous structure (< 2 nm) with a surface area of 11.325 m2 g−1. According to IUPAC classification, the BET isotherms of montmorillonite and bentonite indicate a hysteresis loop belonging to the type H3. Finally, the economic analysis results revealed to this method could be the best option for achieving high purity montmorillonite for future applications. Keywords Purification . Nanoclay . Montmorillonite . Bentonite . Cost analysis
Introduction In recent decades, the use of natural bentonites for different approaches has been considered significantly due to their unique structure, low-cost, thermal stability, high immunity, high exchange capacity, and interactions with materials (Chihi et al. 2019; Yadav et al. 2019). Soil mineral smectite in Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh [email protected] * Behnam Asgari Lajayer [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4
Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
bentonite with aluminum octagonal sheets is located between the tetrahedral silica sheets (Awad et al. 2019). These layers of material with a unique structure are the best option for designing and preparing green catalysts (Bananezhad et al. 2019). Inorganic bentonite is composed of clay or pseudo-clay family and swollen minerals. The term
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