PVdF-HFP-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Semi-Interpenetrating Networks For Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Battery
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PVdF‑HFP‑Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Semi‑Interpenetrating Networks For Dendrite‑Free Lithium Metal Battery Lu Liu1 · Xiaodong Wang1 · Chenhui Yang1 · Peng Han1 · Lei Zhang2 · Li Gao3 · Zirui Wu1 · Bingxin Liu3 · Ruiping Liu1 Received: 23 July 2020 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © The Chinese Society for Metals (CSM) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The safety issues and lower energy density of the lithium metal batteries are the two main challenges that hinder their applications in the fields of electric vehicles and portable devices. In this work, the semi-interpenetrated polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP)-based gel polymer electrolyte was synthesized through UV-curing method by employing the ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) monomer. The semi-interpenetrating networks formed by polymerization of ETPTA and the high liquid absorption rate of the PVdF-HFP impart the as-prepared electrolyte with a iFePO4 was high room temperature ionic conductivity of 3.17 × 10−3 s cm−1 and a high mechanical strength of 3.46 MPa. L selected as cathode materials, and the active material loading of the cathode is about 4.2 mg cm−2. The electrolyte shows superior long-term cycling properties (127 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C), excellent rate performance (113 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 80 mAh g−1 at 2 C, and the discharge capacity of 135 mAh g−1 can be restored when the rate goes back to 0.1 C) as well as good ability to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite (about 150 h). The facile synthesis strategy and great electrochemical performance of the electrolyte make it a potential candidate for lithium metal batteries. Keywords Gel polymer electrolyte · PVdF-HFP · UV-curing · Lithium dendrite
1 Introduction Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with high specific energy density are attracting more and more attention due to the rapid development of the electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and portable devices [1–8]. However, the safety issues caused by the growth of lithium dendrites and the utilization of the organic liquid electrolyte hinder its commercialization [9–11]. Compared with Available online at https://link.springer.com/journal/40195. * Lei Zhang [email protected] * Ruiping Liu [email protected] 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775‑5905, USA
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
the liquid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte exhibits higher energy density and high safety, and especially the gel polymer electrolyte can not only achieve high ion conductivity, decrease the interfacial charge transfer resistance between the electrode and electrolyte, but also prevent the growth of the lithium dendrites through regulating the deposition of lithium metal [12–16]. Thus, it is high
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