Quantitative Analysis of Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin Major Metabolites, and Ampicillin in Chicken Tissues via Ultra-Perform
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Quantitative Analysis of Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin Major Metabolites, and Ampicillin in Chicken Tissues via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Bo Wang 1,2,3 & Maoda Pang 4 & Xing Xie 4 & Min Zhao 1,2,3 & Kaizhou Xie 1,2,3 & Yangyang Zhang 1,2,3 & Xia Zhao 1,2,3 & Ya’juan Wang 1,2,3 & Ran Wang 4 & Haiqing Wu 1,2,3 & Genxi Zhang 1,2,3 & Guojun Dai 1,2,3 & Jinyu Wang 1,2,3
Received: 29 December 2016 / Accepted: 7 April 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Abstract This manuscript describes a rapid, sensitive, and specific approach that utilizes ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS) for the selective determination of amoxicillin, amoxicillin metabolites, and ampicillin in chicken tissue samples (muscle, liver, and kidney). This optimized method was validated according to the requirements defined by the European Union and the Food and Drug Administration. The extract obtained after extraction and purification of chicken tissues was injected into a UPLC system coupled to a mass spectrometer operated in the positive electrospray MS/MS mode for analysis. The chicken tissues were spiked with the target compounds at levels of 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 μg/kg, and the results showed that the extraction recoveries were all higher than 84% and the relative standard deviations did not exceed 20%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.01–1.36 and 0.05–5.44 μg/kg, respectively. The decision limits were 52.62–57.26 μg/kg, and the detection capabilities were 55.23–64.51 μg/kg. Finally, the new approach was verified through quantitative determination of the analytes in tissues
* Kaizhou Xie [email protected]
1
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2
Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China
3
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
4
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
from 30 commercial chickens obtained from local supermarkets. Keywords Amoxicillin . Amoxicillin metabolites . Ampicillin . UPLC-ESI/MS/MS . Chicken tissues
Introduction Amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP) are β-lactam antibiotics from the penicillin class, and they are widely used in veterinary and feed additives for the treatment and prevention of animal urethral, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections as well as other diseases because of their broad-spectrum bactericidal effect (Cass et al. 2003; Menelaou et al. 1999). These antibiotics have bactericidal action and inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by binding to enzymes in the cell wall (Anfossi et al. 2002; Hou and Poole 1971). However, the use of sub-therapeutic doses of β-lactam antibiotics in foodproducing animals to increase bulk may result in the presence of undesirable residues in mil
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