Quantum Optics Including Noise Reduction, Trapped Ions, Quantum
Quantum Optics gives a very broad coverage of basic laser-related phenomena that allow scientists and engineers to carry out research in quantum optics and laser physics. It covers the quantization of the electromagnetic field, quantum theory of coherence
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Advanced Texts in Physics This program of advanced texts covers a broad spectrum of topics which are of current and emerging interest in physics. Each book provides a comprehensive and yet accessible introduction to a field at the forefront of modern research. As such, these texts are intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students at the MS and PhD level; however, research scientists seeking an introduction to particular areas of physics will also benefit from the titles in this collection.
Miguel Orszag
Quantum Optics Including Noise Reduction, Trapped Ions, Quantum Trajectories, and Decoherence With 75 Figures and 79 Problems with Hints for Solutions
Springer
Professor Dr. Miguel Orszag Facultad de Fisica Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile Casilla 306 22Santiago Chile E-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1439-2674 ISBN 978-3-662-04116-1 Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Orszag, Miguel, 1944-, Quantum otics I Miguel Onzag. p. cm. Includes bibliographical teferences and index. ISBN 978-3-662-04116-1 ISBN 978-3-662-04114-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04114-7 1_ Quantum optics. 1. Title. QC446.l.078 1999 535'.15-dc21 99-33296 ClP
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o Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg lOOO Originallypublisbed by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2000 Softcovcr reprint of tbe bardcover 1st edition 2000 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Data conversion by Steingraeber Satztechnik GmbH, Heidelberg Cover design: design 6- production GmbH, Heidelberg SPIN: 10691798
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To all those who gave me their support and wisdom. My parents Ladislao Orszag (1911- 1984) Isabel Posa (1908- 1999) and Martita.
Preface
This graduate text originated from lectures given by the author at the Universidad Cat6lica de Chile in Santiago, as well as at the University of New Mexico. Also, material has been drawn from short summer courses given in Rio de Janeiro and Caracas. Chapter 1 is devoted to some basic ideas of the interaction of radiation and matter, starting from Einstein's ideas of emission and absorption, and ending with elementary laser theory. The quantum mechanical description of the atom- ra
