Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Signaling
Until recent years the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was generally considered to be a harmful process and a generator of oxidative stress. But more recently this concept has been re-evaluated and the term "oxidative signaling" was coined (Fo
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Series Editors František Baluška Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany Jorge Vivanco Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, 217 Shepardson Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
Luis Alfonso del Río
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Alain Puppo
Editors
Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Signaling
Editors Prof. Luis A. del Río Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC Depto. Bioquímica Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas Profesor Albareda, 1 E-18008 Granada Spain
Prof. Alain Puppo Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale UMR INRA 1301/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis/CNRS 6243 400, route des Chappes, BP 167 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex France
ISBN: 978-3-642-00389-9 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-00390-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00390-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009921146 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Oxygen (O2) appeared in significant amounts in the Earth’s atmosphere over 2.2 billion years ago, largely due to the evolution of photosynthesis by cyanobacteria (Halliwell 2006). The O2 molecule is a free radical, as it has two impaired electrons that have the same spin quantum number. This spin restriction makes O2 prefer to accept its electrons one at a time, leading to the generation of the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS). The chemical nature of these species dictates that they can create damage in cells. This has contributed to the creation of the “oxidative stress” concept; in this view, ROS are unavoidable toxic products of O2 metabolism and aerobic organisms have evolved antioxidant defences to protect against this toxicity (Halliwell 1981; Fridovich 1998). Indeed, even in present-day plants, which are full of antioxidants, much of the protein synthetic activity of chloroplasts is used to replace oxidatively damaged D1 and other proteins (Halliwell 2006). Yet, the use of the “oxidative stress” term implies that ROS exert their effects through indiscriminate widespread inactivation of cellular functio
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