Reactive Oxygen Species in Aqueous Media (A Review)
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Aqueous Media (A Review) L. V. Belovolova* Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 31, 2020; revised February 26, 2020; accepted February 28, 2020
Abstract—Problems associated with the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural aqueous media and living organisms are considered. The main properties of ROS, which ensure particular features of their behavior, are given. The main attention is focused on the analysis of data on the state of water systems with somewhat increased ROS content compared to equilibrium values. Keywords: water, atmospheric gases, reactive oxygen and water species, collective phenomena DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X20070036
INTRODUCTION Problems related to the behavior of reactive water species and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological objects and aquatic media have raised a wide range of issues at the intersection of physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine [1–10], which is probably the reason why their research history has many dramatic points. The biological consequences of the manifestation of ROS were revealed after the discovery of radioactivity and after the attempts to use it in practice, although the very concept of ROS has appeared much later. Despite the long history of research on processes involving ROS, there are still “blank spots” in understanding the features of their manifestation. A huge body of problems regarding the role played by ROS in living systems both under normal conditions and in pathologies is a rapidly developing field of biochemistry and medicine. It was reflected in many original works and reviews. In this paper, we will focus on the behavior of the ROS system in dilute aqueous media. Particular features of the behavior of ROS in living cells will be touched upon only briefly and only to the extent that is necessary to understand the basics of their interaction with the aquatic environment. Almost every section of the present work may be greatly deepened, considering the results of numerous modern works. However, there is a risk of complicating the comprehension of the overall picture of problems as a whole, since the majority of works only clarify ideas that already exist. It is more important to show the trends of the development of studies of water systems taking into account the presence of ROS in them. Up until now, many features of the behavior of ROS in “pure” water still remain to be unexpected; therefore, a detailed analysis of all conditions is required. But, over the years, more and more data have been accumulated showing that the characteris-
tics of the interaction of atmospheric gases and ROS with the water environment determine many atypical properties of water systems. And they require a revision of traditional chemical concepts of molecular interactions in water under conditions of a low content of impurities. Apparently, in dilute aqueous media, collective phenomena enter into the foreground leading to struc
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