Reconciling Livelihoods and Conservation for Rattan Sustainable Harvesting in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia
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Reconciling Livelihoods and Conservation for Rattan Sustainable Harvesting in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia Yulianto1,2 · Ryozo Noguchi3 · Rinekso Soekmadi4 · Agus Hikmat4 · Cecep Kusmana5 · Supriyanto2,6 · Tofael Ahamed3 Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Steve Harrison, John Herbohn 2020
Abstract Reconciling livelihoods and conservation aspects in rattan utilization is an intricate problem. To shed light on possible solutions, this study analyzed multiple scenarios using system dynamics models for balancing the ecological and economic sustainability of rattan harvesting in the Lore Lindu National Park. The system dynamics models were developed from the rattan inventory and collected socio-economic data. The analysis was performed using three scenarios: the current harvesting practice; sustainable harvesting without restocking; and sustainable harvesting with restocking. It was found that reconciling livelihoods with conservation could be best achieved under the third scenario. Further, the reconciliation will be best achieved through allocating a specific rattan utilization area, deciding the harvesting quota, determining the number of harvesters, proposing a reasonable price, and restocking rattan for optimizing income and a sustainable rattan population. To realize this condition, it will be necessary to develop a local institution to manage rattan in Lore Lindu National Park. These results also support a policy to give access of forest-dependent communities for utilizing rattan in protected areas as long as this is aligned with conservation strategies. Keywords Ecological sustainability · Economic sustainability · Forest-dependent communities · Harvesting quota
Introduction National parks are important protection areas with which forest-dependent communities have interacted for years to sustain their livelihoods. Indonesia has 22.1 million ha of the terrestrial conservation area surrounded by 6,381 villages * Ryozo Noguchi [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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(MoEF 2018). Most of the people of these villages live in poverty conditions and are highly dependent on forest resources, including non-timber forest products (NTFPs), to fulfill their daily needs. NTFPs significantly contribute to the livelihoods and welfare of communities adjacent to forests (Arnold and Pérez 1998). For forest-dependent communities, rattan is the most important and valuable NTFP. Economically, rattan is the world’s most valuable non-timber forest product (Campbell et al. 2017). Rattan is climbing palm belonging to Arecaceae family. The distribution of rattan habitat is dominantly in primary rain forest and monsoon forest (Prosea 1993). At least, 312 species of rattan are recorded in Indonesian forest (Rachman dan Jasni 2008) and Rustiami (2011) recognized 35 species in Sulawesi Island. Sulawesi an abundant and diverse rattan flora due to its complex geology, climatic conditions, and extreme elevational gradients (Stiegel et a
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