Recurring damages on earthen heritage. Diagnosis and possible interventions in the highlands of Jujuy (Argentina)
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(2020) 5:28
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Recurring damages on earthen heritage. Diagnosis and possible interventions in the highlands of Jujuy (Argentina) Jorge Tomasi1 · Julieta Barada1 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract A significant number of the existing National Historical Monuments in the highlands of northwestern Argentina are built with different earthen constructive techniques. These architecures, which correspond mostly to colonial and republican times, have presented damage of different severity over time, associated with both environmental and anthropic factors, including conservation actions. Since the first half of the twentieth century, different institutions carried out systematic conservation projects on this heritage using foreign techniques and materials, which instead of favoring their consolidation caused new damages. This paper sets out to recognize which are the usual damages in this architectural heritage, considering their mechanisms of degradation, and observing the implications of the interventions carried. Finally, based on the working experience in the area, the recommendations from different researches and international standards, it will be possible to recognize potential forms of intervention consistent with these technologies and with the corpus of local knowledge. This paper will focus in different case studies in the Puna and Quebrada de Humahuaca, based on field and laboratory research carried out in recent years, specifically focused on the study of current and historical earthen constructive technologies. As part of these researches, there were made various diagnoses and intervention proposals that will also be included in this article. Keywords Earthen construction · Local knowledge · Structural consolidation
1 Introduction Earthen construction techniques have a high significance in the universe of architectural heritage in Argentina, even within those declared as National Historical Monuments (NHM). According to Herr and Rolón, 24% of NHMs currently present earthen techniques and materials in their construction, a percentage that increases to 75% if we concentrate on the province of Jujuy, located in the north of the country, where are located the case studies presented in this paper [1]. This is related to the high incidence of colonial architecture in the early declarations of the 1930s and 1940s, when earthen construction was present in 45% of the NHM [1].
* Jorge Tomasi [email protected] 1
CONICET‑Laboratorio de Arquitecturas Andinas y Construcción con Tierra, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Naturaleza y la Cultura “Rodolfo Kusch”, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Tilcara, Argentina
The route of these architectures over time involves the development of different damages associated with their construction systems, which constitute their current states of conservation and the need for concrete intervention in many cases. These, as will be observed later, are concentrated in structural damage, and de
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