Remote sensing of aquatic coastal ecosystem processes

The aquatic coastal zone is one of the most challenging targets for environmental remote sensing. Properties such as bottom reflectance, spectrally diverse suspended sediments and phytoplankton communities, diverse benthic communities, and transient event

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Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing VOLUME 9 Series Editor: Freek D. van der Meer, Department of Earth Systems Analysis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands & Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Editorial Advisory Board: Michael Abrams, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A. Paul Curran, Department of Geography, University of Southampton, U.K. Arnold Dekker, CSIRO, Land and Water Division, Canberra, Australia Steven M. de Jong, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Michael Schaepman, Centre for Geo-Information, Wageningen UR, The Netherlands

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume

REMOTE SENSING OF AQUATIC COASTAL ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES Science and Management Applications

edited by

LAURIE L. RICHARDSON Florida International University, Miami, U.S.A. and

ELLSWORTH F. LeDREW University of Waterloo, ON, Canada

Including a CD-ROM with the WASI program by Peter Gege

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-3967-0 (HB) 978-1-4020-3967-6 (HB) 1-4020-3968-9 (e-book) 978-1-4020-3968-3 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Cover Image: 50 km Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly product for 31st July, 2002. NOAA. Also, see chapter 2, figure 2. Included as a color image on CD-ROM.

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved for chapters 5 and 12 © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.

Contents LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

xiii

PREFACE

xvii

Chapter 1 REMOTE SENSING AND THE SCIENCE, MONITORING, AND MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS LAURIE L. RICHARDSON AND ELLSWORTH F. LEDREW 1. Introduction 2. Coastal zones 3. Spectral signatures 4. Science based connections between ecosystem processes and remote sensing 5. Monitoring coastal zones, habitats, and ecosystems 6. Management of coastal zones, habitats, and ecosystems 7. Integrating remote sensing, science, monitoring, and management 8. Summary

1 2 2 3 5 5 6 6

Section I – Science Applications Chapter 2 EXTREME EVENTS AND PERTURBATIONS OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS WILLIAM SKIRVING, ALAN E. STRONG, GAND LIU, FELIPE ARZAYUS, CHUNYING LIU AND JOHN SAPPER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction Sea Surface Temperature Data The Coral Reef Watch SST Anomaly Product The Coral Reef Watch Bleaching HotSpot Product The Coral Reef Watch DHW Product Coral Reef Watch in Action 6.1 Case study: Midway Atoll 7. Bleac