Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route Studies and Appl
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between E
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Ola M. Johannessen, Vitaly Yu. Alexandrov, Ivan Ye. Frolov, Stein Sandven, Lasse H. Pettersson, Leonid P. Bobylev, Kjell Kloster, Vladimir G. Smirnov, Yevgeny U. Mironov and Nikolay G. Babich
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route Studies and Applications
Published in association with
Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK
Professor Ola M. Johannessen Founding Director Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Mohn-Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Studies and Operational Oceanography Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Professor Stein Sandven Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen, Norway University Courses on SvalbardÐUNIS, Longyearbyen, Norway
Mr. Lasse H. Pettersson Mr. Kjell Kloster Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen, Norway
Dr. Vitaly Yu. Alexandrov Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Center St. Petersburg, Russia
Dr. Leonid P. Bobylev Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Center St. Petersburg, Russia Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen, Norway
Professor Ivan Ye. Frolov Dr. Vladimir G. Smirnov Dr. Yevgeny U. Mironov Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) St. Petersburg, Russia
Mr. Nikolay G. Babich Murmansk Shipping Company Murmansk, Russia
SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN GEOPHYSICAL SCIENCES SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: Dr Philippe Blondel, C.Geol., F.G.S., Ph.D., M.Sc., Senior Scientist, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK Published in association with the Nansen Centers in Bergen and St. Petersburg Nansen Center's Polar Series No. 4 ISBN 10: 3-540-24448-4 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra®e; detailed bibliographic data are available from the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de Library of Congress Control Number: 2006924127 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services, Gt. Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
