Removal of ammonia by biofilters with straight and wavy lamellar plates
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Removal of ammonia by biofilters with straight and wavy lamellar plates P. Baltrėnas1 · T. Januševičius1 · A. Zagorskis1 · E. Baltrėnaitė‑Gedienė1 Received: 3 March 2020 / Revised: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of two newly developed plate-type biofilters in treating air contaminated with ammonia vapour at different inlet air temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C). The biofilters had two different structures, straight lamellar plates (SLP) and wavy lamellar plates (WLP), with both having a built-in capillary system for humidifying the packing material made of synthetic hydrophilic fibres and wood fibre. In the packing material of the biofilters, different types of microorganisms were used, including bacteria, micromycetes and yeast. The efficiency of ammonia removal from the air using the biofilters with the two different plate types was investigated. The treatment efficiency of air-containing ammonia vapour reached 81.0–85.2% and 84.2–87.0% in biofilters with SLP and WLP, respectively. The highest ammonia treatment efficiency was obtained in the biofilter with WLP at 28 °C with 87.0% of ammonia being removed. The latter removal efficiency was obtained when a large population of the microorganisms was present with 1.0 ± 0.2 × 107, 1.0 ± 0.5 × 107 and 1.6 ± 0.1 × 109 CFU/g of micromycetes, yeast and bacteria, respectively. The results also demonstrated that at different temperatures of polluted air, different microorganisms predominated in the packing material of the biofilters. Keywords Biofiltration · Microorganisms · Nonwoven caulking material · Wood fibre
Introduction Ammonia is a colourless gas with a strong odour that is generated from organic waste treatment plants and other industrial sources (Baquerizo et al. 2005). The process of air purification through biofiltration has attracted considerable attention with biofilters being used increasingly often to remove odours (Malhautier et al. 2005), toxic materials and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as NH3 (Chen et al. 2005), from air. Compared to traditional air treatment methods, biofiltration is an inexpensive and effective air purification technique (Baquerizo et al. 2005; Zigmontienė and Žarnauskas 2011). Biofilters are biological systems accommodating a variety of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi (Martens Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia. * T. Januševičius [email protected] 1
Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius‑40, Lithuania
et al. 2001). A biofilter is made of one or several beds consisting of activated biological or synthetic materials (Liang et al. 2000) functioning as a medium that provides nutrients for microorganisms that form a biofilm on the surface of the material used. The pollutant is absorbed into the biofilm where aerobic biodegradation of the pollutants occurs (Chen et al. 2005). Peat (Zilli et a
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