Renal efficiency underlies adaptive heterothermy of heat-stressed hypohydrated goats
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Renal efficiency underlies adaptive heterothermy of heat-stressed hypohydrated goats Hosam Al-Tamimi 1
&
Raed Al-Atiyat 2 & Ahmad Al-Majali 3 & Omran Alameri 3
Received: 8 November 2018 / Accepted: 24 May 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract We investigated the thermotolerance of the F1 progeny (Black Bedouin × Damascus crossbreed) to summer conditions alongside that of two pure breeds. Male goats (n = 7 per breed) were used to conduct a summertime 28-day trial along with hypohydration. The animals were fitted with miniscule thermologgers, intraperitoneally and subcutaneously, to measure core (Tc) and peripheral (Tp) body temperatures (BT), respectively. All goats were kept under shaded housing for a 7-day basal period before being switched to unshaded pens for the next 21 days. During the first 14 days, animals had free access to water. However, during the third 7-day period, access to water was time-restricted (4 h/day). Finally, it was restricted to 40% of the third week’s average daily intake over the last 7 days. Exposure to the unshaded conditions resulted in pronounced heat stress in all animals, as reflected by 0.42 and 1.44 °C rises for Tc and Tp, respectively. The F1 goats displayed a clear heterothermic adaptive response, especially after the water restriction bouts’ initiation. Interestingly, the F1 goats displayed higher ratios of renal relative medullary thickness (77.7, 73.3, and 72.6 ± 1.1%) along with higher circulating concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (44.6, 31.6, and 11.6 ± 3.7 ng/ mL), respectively, which suggested an improved water metabolism. Keywords Goat . Hyperthermia . Thermoregulation . Heat stress . Hypohydration . Heterothermy
Introduction Being relatively smaller in body size, meticulously selective in feed browsing, and highly agile on rangelands with rugged topography, goats are the animals of choice for many farmers around the world (Rout et al. 2016). Therefore, they often stand out in terms of resilience and tolerance amongst other farm ruminants (Yates et al. 2010). In certain regions on the globe, the combination of drought, dispersed vegetation cover of rangeland, intense solar radiation, and high dry bulb temperatures during summer makes animal management in the outer field substantially challenging (Al-Tamimi et al. 2013). * Hosam Al-Tamimi [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
2
Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
3
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
We have previously shown the resilience of goats to harsh climatic conditions and emphasized a clear variation in thermotolerance to thermal stress between two local goat breeds, namely, the Black Bedouin and the Damascus (Al-Tamimi 2007a, b). Evidently, hypohydration is a useful means to expose sensitivity to enviro
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