Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma of Sheep and Goats
Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a contagious tumour of the mucosal nasal glands affecting young adult sheep or goats. The disease occurs naturally in all continents except Australia and New Zealand. Clinical signs include continuous nasal discharge, resp
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Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma of Sheep and Goats M. De las Heras, A. Ortín, C. Cousens, E. Minguijón, J.M. Sharp
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
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Clinical Features
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Macroscopic Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
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Microscopic Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
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5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6
The ENA-Associated Retroviruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Early Findings About the Relationship of ENA with Retroviruses Morphology of the ENA-Associated Retrovirus . . . . . . . . . . Experimental Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Characterization of ONAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complete Sequence of ONAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Development of ONAV-Specific PCR Revealed that ONAV and CNAV Are Different . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Properties of ONAV Env . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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Immune Response in ENA Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Abstract. Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a contagious tumour of the mucosal nasal glands affecting young adult sheep or goats. The disease occurs naturally in all continents except Australia and New Zealand. Clinical signs include continuous nasal discharge, respiratory distress, exophthalmos and skull deformations. The tumour is classified histologiM. De las Heras, A. Ortín, E. Minguijón Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail: [email protected] C. Cousens, J.M. Sharp Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 OPZ, UK e-mail: [email protected]
H. Fan (Ed.), Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus and Lung Cancer © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2003
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cally as a low-grade adenocarcinoma. Nasal glands of both respiratory and olfactory muosal glands seem to be the origin of the neoplasia. It has been experimentally transmitted in sheep and goats using either tumour extracts or concentrated nasal fluids. Two distinct retroviruses are implicated in the aetiology of the neoplasia one in sheep (ONAV) and one in goats (CNAV). We suggest that jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), ONAV, CNAV, and their endogenous counterparts represent a unique family of retroviruses. The similarities between these viruses suggests that any control strategies, including vaccination, may be appropriate to both diseases. The differences, however, represent a unique resource for delineating the function of individual regions of the virus. It is intriguing that whilst ONAV and CNAV appear to be as dif
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