Report on ICT in Education in the Republic of Lithuania
Lithuania is a European country located in the Baltic region. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. Lithuania covers an area of 65,200 km2. It has around 99 km of sandy Baltic Sea coastline. Alon
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Report on ICT in Education in the Republic of Lithuania Vaino Brazdeikis
11.1 Overview of the Country 11.1.1 History and Geography Lithuania is a European country located in the Baltic region. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. Lithuania covers an area of 65,200 km2 . It has around 99 km of sandy Baltic Sea coastline. Along with it Lithuania has a major warm-water port in the city of Klaip˙eda. For centuries, various Baltic tribes inhabited the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea. In the 1230s, Grand Duke Mindaugas united Lithuanian lands. During the fourteenth century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe. On March 11, 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Baltic state to declare itself independent, resulting in the restoration of an independent State of Lithuania. Today Lithuania is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, Eurozone, Schengen Agreement, NATO, and OECD. The United Nations Human Development Index lists Lithuania as a “very high human development” country.1
11.1.2 Population The population in Lithuania has been steadily decreasing for the last 25 years. In 2018, there were 2.8 million inhabitants, then 1990—3.7 million. Lithuania undergoes the 1 Wikipedia
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V. Brazdeikis (B) Vilnius, Lithuania e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 D. Liu et al. (eds.), Comparative Analysis of ICT in Education Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, Lecture Notes in Educational Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6879-4_11
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process of the population aging. In 2005, the average population age was 39 years, while in 2018 it was 43 years (39 years for men and 47 years for women). According to the 2011 census, the ethnic composition of Lithuania’s population was Lithuanians (84.1%), Poles (6.6%), Russians (5.8%), Belarusians (1.2%), and people of other ethnicities (1.8%). There is no state religion in Lithuania. State educational establishments are secular.
11.1.3 The Political System Lithuania is an independent democratic republic. The Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania (Seimas), the President, the Government, and the Judiciary execute the state power. The scope of the power of each branch is limited by the Constitution. The territory of Lithuania currently comprises 60 municipalities. The municipality has the right to self-governance.
11.1.4 Current Situation of Economic Development Lithuania has an open and mixed economy that is classified as a high-income economy by the World Bank. According to data from 2016, the three largest sectors in the Lithuanian economy are—services (68.3% of GDP), industry (28.5%), and agriculture (3.3%). World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report ranks Lithuania 41st (of 137 ranked countries). According to data from 2017, Lithuanian main exports go to Latvia (11%), Russia (11%), Germany (7.3%), main import goes from German
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