Research progress on the characterization and repair of graphene defects
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ited Review
Research progress on the characterization and repair of graphene defects Bo-yu Ju 1), Wen-shu Yang 1,2), Qiang Zhang 1,2), Murid Hussain 3), Zi-yang Xiu 1,4), Jing Qiao 1), and Gao-hui Wu 1,2,4) 1) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2) Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 3) Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan 4) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Jointing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China (Received: 12 January 2020; revised: 26 February 2020; accepted: 27 February 2020)
Abstract: Graphene has excellent theoretical properties and a wide range of applications in metal-based composites. However, because of defects on the graphene surface, the actual performance of the material is far below theoretical expectations. In addition, graphene containing defects could easily react with a matrix alloy, such as Al, to generate brittle and hydrolyzed phases that could further reduce the performance of the resulting composite. Therefore, defect repair is an important area of graphene research. The repair methods reported in the present paper include chemical vapor deposition, doping, liquid-phase repair, external energy graphitization, and alloying. Detailed analyses and comparisons of these methods are carried out, and the characterization methods of graphene are introduced. The mechanism, research value, and future outlook of graphene repair are also discussed at length. Graphene defect repair mainly relies on the spontaneous movement of C atoms or heteroatoms to the pore defects under the condition of applied energy. The repair degree and mechanism of graphene repair are also different according to different preparations. The current research on graphene defect repair is still in its infancy, and it is believed that the problem of defect evolution will be explained in more depth in the future. Keywords: graphene; metal matrix composites; defect repair; characterization; repair mechanism
1. Significance of graphene defect studies for composites Graphene is a unique 2D carbon material with a honeycomb-like lattice structure and delocalized electrons. In its ideal state, the material is highly valued by scientific researchers because of its extremely high strength [1], electrical conductivity [2], and thermal conductivity [3]. Because of its high performance, graphene could be added to a number of composites, especially metal matrix composites, to enhance their properties. Graphene is widely used in Al matrix composites. Bastwros et al. [4] reported that compositing graphene with Al results in a maximum enhancement of 47% in flexural strength when compared with the reference Al6061. Zhang et al. [5] revealed that enhancements of 15.4% in therma
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