Resilience in Familial Caregivers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-analysis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Resilience in Familial Caregivers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Meta‑analysis Claudia I. Iacob1 · Eugen Avram1 · Daniel Cojocaru1 · Ioana R. Podina1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate factors associated with resilience in familial caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database, with the registration number CRD42018105180. Several electronic databases were searched for studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 26 selected studies that associated resilience to an array of other variables (i.e., psychological distress, social support, coping, perceived health, life satisfaction). Overall, the significant pooled effect sizes were small to medium, ranging from r = 0.291 for coping to r = 0.442 for social support. Although the literature on the topic has improved, there is a lot of study heterogeneity and the need for focusing on male caregivers becomes evident. Keywords Resilience · Familial caregiving · Autism · Developmental disabilities · Meta-analysis
Overview Caring for a child with developmental disabilities has long-term negative consequences on the physical and mental health of familial caregivers (e.g., parents) (Lee 2013; Miodrag and Hodapp 2010) which by definition attend to the child’s needs without any payment or reward (National Research Council Committee on the Role of Human Factors in Home Health Care, US 2010). Despite difficulties, some caregivers display resilience as shown by their remarkable ways of facing and bouncing back from adverse experiences (Peer and Hillman 2014), while others are having a hard time accepting the diagnosis. Therefore, finding out what makes the difference between resilient and less resilient caregivers Protocol registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, registration number CRD42018105180. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04473-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Claudia I. Iacob [email protected] 1
becomes a timely question. In other words, we are interested in knowing what factors are connected with resilience in familial caregivers of children with disabilities in order to inform future interventions. Currently, resilience is defined as a trait, an outcome or a process. Lately, the scientific community has been focusing on the outcome approach (Chmitorz et al. 2018). From this perspective, resilience is the ability to maintain or regain mental health, despite experiencing adverse, stressful or traumatic events (Kalisch et al. 2014). Resilience can be modified, improved and predicted by protective factors that guard a person against the negative impact of adverse events (Rutter 1985) and that can be internal (e.g. personality traits of beliefs) or external (e.g. social resources). For an extensive review, see Chmitorz et a
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