Response of Flexible Piles Under Lateral Loads
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IGINAL PAPER
Response of Flexible Piles Under Lateral Loads V. S. Phanikanth • Deepankar Choudhury K. Srinivas
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Received: 21 August 2012 / Accepted: 7 November 2012 / Published online: 24 November 2012 Ó Indian Geotechnical Society 2012
Abstract Soil pile interaction studies have evolved over the years and the contribution by various researchers in this field has lead to the development of various methods viz. modulus of subgrade reaction approach, elastic continuum approach and finite element techniques for estimating the pile response.The advantage of subgrade reaction approach over elastic continuum approach is that besides its simplicity, it can also account for material non-linearity. The more realistic approach is elastic continuum method, however, the pile response based on this method, depends on the accurate estimation of soil young’s modulus. In the present study modulus of subgrade reaction is related to young’s modulus of soil using empirical relations and pile response for various stiffness ratio’s is obtained by using both modulus of subgrade reaction approach and finite element based solutions for homogeneous soils, soils with linearly varying stiffness and for two layered soils with constant but different soil stiffness. With the pile response so obtained by both these methods, algebraic expressions have been proposed for pile head deflections and maximum pile bending moments for homogeneous soils, soils with linearly varying stiffness and for two layered soils with constant but different soil stiffness.
Variables E Young’s modulus of pile material Es Young’s modulus of soil Ep Effective young’s modulus of pile G Shear modulus of soil m Rate of increase of shear modulus with depth m Poisson’s ratio of soil I Moment of inertia of pile material u Pile head deflection gh Constant modulus of subgrade reaction L Length of the pile Lc Critical length of the pile d Diameter of the pile ro Pile radius T Characteristic length H Horizontal load at the pile head location M Moment at the pile head location N SPT value Pe Equivalent horizontal load due to load and moment u Angle of internal friction c Unit wt. of soil
Introduction Keywords Laterally loaded piles Modulus of subgrade reaction Homogeneous soils V. S. Phanikanth (&) K. Srinivas Architecture and Civil Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India e-mail: [email protected] V. S. Phanikanth D. Choudhury Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India e-mail: [email protected]
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Pile foundations are often proposed as supporting structures, where adequate bearing capacity is not available for the designers at shallow depths. Such foundations are required to be analysed for lateral loads in additions to vertical loads. The lateral loads may be due to seismic loads, wind loads, wind and wave action in case of offshore structures in which horizontal forces are generated due to the impact of ships during berthing and wave action. In the design of
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