Rethinking Measurement of Parenting Stress in ADHD-Affected Families: A Principal Components Analysis of the Disruptive
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Rethinking Measurement of Parenting Stress in ADHD-Affected Families: A Principal Components Analysis of the Disruptive Behaviour Stress Inventory Emmalie I. Maclean
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Brooke Andrew2 Penelope A. Lind1 Sarah E. Medland1
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A multitude of research has demonstrated that parents of children with ADHD report higher parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. However, this body of work almost exclusively uses the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) as a measure of parenting stress. The PSI may not be an appropriate measure for parents of children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because some items overlap with ADHD symptomatology (therefore, scores may be artificially inflated). This study investigated the factor structure of an alternative measure of parenting stress, the Disruptive Behaviour Stress Inventory (DSBI) in 1283 Australian parents of children with ADHD. A principal components analysis was performed which yielded a mathematically and conceptually sound five-component solution for the DBSI. These components were labelled: Routine Disruption, Academic Related Stressors, Behaviour at School, Relational Toll of Disruptive Behaviour and Incidental Stressors. Although further validation is needed, the factored version of the DBSI presented here represents a reliable and clinically useful substitute to the PSI. Keywords Parenting stress ADHD Daily hassles DBSI Principal components analysis ●
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Highlights Analyses yielded 5 theoretically and statistically distinct factors of the DBSI. ● Factors were converted into subscales with adequete to excellent Cronbach’s α. ● The enhanced clinical and research utility of the new DBSI is highlighted. ●
There is little debate that parenting children with AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be a cognitively, emotionally and physically demanding task (Anastopoulos et al. 2009; Johnston and Mash 2001). It is well
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01799-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. * Emmalie I. Maclean [email protected] * Sarah E. Medland [email protected] 1
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Queensland University of Technology, School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
documented that parents of children with ADHD report significantly higher stress levels than those rearing typically developing children (Johnson and Reader 2002; Kadesjö et al. 2002; Miranda et al. 2015; Wiener et al. 2016). Perhaps the simplest explanation for this, is that children’s ADHD symptoms create behaviours that are stressful for parents to manage, which may not be as prevalent or severe in the general population. For instance, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity may lead children to fail to follow instruction
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