Revisiting Lunar Seismic Experiment Data Using the Multichannel Simulation with One Receiver (MSOR) Approach and Random
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Revisiting Lunar Seismic Experiment Data Using the Multichannel Simulation with One Receiver (MSOR) Approach and Random Field Modeling Siavash Mahvelati1 · Joseph T. Coe2 Received: 9 July 2019 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Major advancements in surface wave testing over the past 2 decades have led researchers to revisit and re-analyze archived seismic records, particularly those involving measurements on the Moon. The goal of such recent efforts with lunar seismic measurements has been to gain further insights into lunar geology. We examined the active seismic data from the Apollo 16 mission for their surface wave information using a multichannel approach. The inversion of Rayleigh surface waves provided a subsurface estimate for the uppermost 8 m of the lunar subsurface with the shear wave velocities varying from 40 to 50 m/s at the surface to velocities in the range of 95–145 m/s with an average of 120 m/s at a depth of about 7 m. Generally, the results from this inversion demonstrated good agreement with previous studies. Also, we carried out numerical modeling of wave propagation in a highly-heterogeneous domain to examine the effects of such anomalous features on the acquired seismograms. Results confirmed that a sharp-contrast bi-material domain can indeed produce significant coda wave as reflected on the lunar seismic traces. Keywords Lunar regolith · Apollo 16 · Surface waves · Rayleigh waves · MASW · Numerical modeling
1 Introduction “We leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return with peace and hope for all mankind.” These are the words of the Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, the last human to walk on the Moon, moments before he climbed aboard the lunar module for the return trip to Earth in 1972. With six manned landings from 1969 to 1972 and numerous unmanned visits, Moon is one of the most visited celestial bodies. However, for about the past 5 Siavash Mahvelati: formerly Ph.D. candidate at Temple University. * Siavash Mahvelati [email protected] 1
Vibra-Tech Engineers, 109 E 1st St., Hazleton, PA 18201, USA
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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decades, no one has walked on the Moon. This may soon change as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently unveiled a plan to not only land humankind on the Moon over the next few years, but also to construct a permanent lunar base (NASA 2019). Also, China successfully landed an unmanned space probe on the “far side” of the Moon making the Chinese spacecraft the first to ever land on this unexplored area of the Moon. All these developments have placed lunar explorations at the center of attention once again. As part of the lunar exploration program, active and passive seismic data were acquired during various Apollo missions in the past. The objective of the Active Seismic Experiment (ASE) (Apollo 14 and 16) and Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSPE
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