Robust turbulence simulation for particle-based fluids using the Rankine vortex model
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Robust turbulence simulation for particle-based fluids using the Rankine vortex model Xiaokun Wang1 · Sinuo Liu1 · Xiaojuan Ban1
· Yanrui Xu1 · Jing Zhou1 · Jiˇrí Kosinka2
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We propose a novel turbulence refinement method based on the Rankine vortex model for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. Surface details are enhanced by recovering the energy lost due to the lack of the rotation of SPH particles. The Rankine vortex model is used to convert the diffused and stretched angular kinetic energy of particles to the linear kinetic energy of their neighbors. In previous vorticity-based refinement methods, adding more energy than required by the viscous damping effect leads to instability. In contrast, our model naturally prevents the positive feedback effect between the velocity and vorticity fields since the vortex model is designed to alter the velocity without introducing external sources. Experimental results show that our method can recover missing high-frequency details realistically and maintain convergence in both static and highly dynamic scenarios. Keywords Fluid simulation · Vortex model · Turbulence · Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
1 Introduction As one of the most popular approaches to simulating fluids in computer graphics and virtual reality, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been widely used to generate fluid animations with lively details and vivid motions. Although many novel models for animating various materials and enforcing incompressibility have been proposed, much work remains to be done to achieve and enhance realistic visual effects of complex phenomena. For example, simulating turbulent details is still elusive due to numerical dissipation [12] or coarse sampling of grids [20]. Xiaokun Wang and Sinuo Liu have Co-first author and contributed equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01914-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Xiaojuan Ban [email protected] Jiˇrí Kosinka [email protected]
1
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
2
Bernoulli Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
The up-res and vortex-based methods have been used to increase the resolution of turbulent fluids. The up-res method is commonly used in Eulerian simulations, using coarse grids for the simulation and increasing resolution via fine turbulence models [21,31]. Vortex-based methods aim to create and preserve turbulence through the vorticity field, which includes the vorticity confinement and Lagrangian vortex methods. The vorticity confinement (VC) method recovers existing vortices and enhances them by adding an extra force [11,24]. However, the VC method tends to add more energy than the fluid dissipates, and only existing vortices can be amplified. The Lagrangian vortex (LV) method builds on the vor
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