RODS
The Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance (RODS) system was initiated by the RODS Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh in 1999. The system is now an open source project under the GNU license. The RODS development effort has been organized into
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The Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance (RODS) system was initiated by the RODS Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh in 1999. The system is now an open source project under the GNU license. The RODS development effort has been organized into seven functional areas: overall design, data collection, syndrome classification, database and data warehousing, outbreak detection algorithms, data access, and user interfaces. Each functional area has a coordinator for the open source project, and there is an overall coordinator responsible for the architecture, overall integration of components, and overall quality of the JAVA source code. Figure 8-1 illustrates the RODS’ system architecture. The RODS system as a syndromic surveillance application was originally deployed in Pennsylvania, Utah, and Ohio. As of 2006, RODS performs emergency department surveillance for other states of California, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, New Jersey, Nevada, and Wyoming through an ASP model at the University of Pittsburgh, and through local installations in Taiwan, Canada, Mississippi, Michigan, California, and Texas. As of June 2006, about 20 regions with more than 200 healthcare facilities connected to RODS in real-time. It was also deployed during the 2002 Winter Olympics (Espino et al., 2004). It also serves as the user interface for national over-thecounter medication sales surveillance data collected through the NRDM. The conceptual architecture of the RODS system is shown in Figure 8-1. Multiple data sources are collected and stored in a database and data warehouse where they are made available to outbreak algorithms and the RODS user interface.
H. Chen et al., Infectious Disease Informatics: Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health and BioDefense, Integrated Series in Information Systems 21, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1278-7_8, © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2010
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Chapter 8
Figure 8-1. RODS system architecture (Espino et al., 2004).
The latest version of RODS system is RODS 6. RODS 6 is built from the ground up to be pluggable and part of a larger biosurveillance system as a biosurveillance grid node that incorporates as well as offers services. New data types and algorithms can be easily incorporated into the system without the need for database redesign or coding of the core software. RODS 6 also provides a robust API so that external applications can leverage the data collection, visualization, and data analysis capabilities of RODS.
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RODS DATA COLLECTION
RODS collects healthcare registration data in real time from participating hospitals via a standard called HL7. Specifically, healthcare registration data consist of the age, gender, home zipcode, date/time of admission, and a freetext chief complaint of the patient. The National Retail Data Monitor (NRDM) is a component of the RODS system, collecting and analyzing daily sales data for OTC medication sales. It also collects and analyzes chief complaints data from various hospitals. NRDM monitors more than 29,000 retail stores including stor
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