Role of microbial lipases in transesterification process for biodiesel production
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REVIEW
Role of microbial lipases in transesterification process for biodiesel production Chandra Bhan1 · Jiwan Singh1 Received: 11 January 2020 / Revised: 13 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Society for Environmental Sustainability 2020
Abstract Abstract Bio-diesel is a fuel produced by transesterification reaction of oil or fat in the presence of a catalyst. It is an alternate renewable source for petrol and diesel, which helps in reducing greenhouse gases emissions. Chemical catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid are used in the conventional methods of biodiesel production. This review focusses on application of lipase enzyme in transesterification of different types of oils such as: soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, palm oil, and waste cooking oil. Worldwide production of biodiesel via lipase enzyme and its economic as well as future aspects are also discussed. Various researchers have used free lipase in biodiesel production however, some lipases are also utilized as immobilized form. There are number of fungal and bacterial species that have been used to synthesize lipases, some of the microbial species are as follows: Aspergillus niger, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis etc. Solid-state fermentation and broth culture of fungus is suitable for crude lipase production. Immobilized lipase plays very significant role in transesterification process. Lipases enzymes act as a good catalyst therefore, its production and utilization may be a better alternative of chemical catalysts. Graphic abstract
Keywords Biodiesel · Biocatalyst · Lipase · Oil · Transesterification · Esters
Introduction * Jiwan Singh [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
Rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth are causing severe environmental issues. Among most of the environmental issues, energy crisis is considered as one the most considerable part as fossil fuel and its overuse has
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crossed its peak in recent era. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are required to overcome the shortages. In this perspective, biodiesel production is considered as a sustainable substitute (Ajala et al. 2015). All over world, biodiesel is accepted as fuel and fuel additive. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also registered the biodiesel as a fuel. Biodiesel is known as a renewable energy source and it has capacity to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (Hanaki and Portugal-Pereira 2018). It is clean burning in nature because it emits lesser pollutants such as carbon monoxide, particulates, hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide (Shahir et al. 2015; Abed et al. 2019). It reduces total CO2 emission by 78% as compared to petroleum diesel (Sirajuddin et al. 2015). It is a mixture of the fatty acid ester of alkyl (methyl, ethyl or propyl) produced from animal fat, vegetable oil, etc. The produced biodi
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