SARS-CoV-2 infection in children requiring hospitalization: the experience of Navarra, Spain
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
SARS‑CoV‑2 infection in children requiring hospitalization: the experience of Navarra, Spain Laura Moreno‑Galarraga1,2,3 · María Urretavizcaya‑Martínez4 · Josune Alegría Echauri5 · Marcos García Howard4 · Eva Ruperez García4 · Sergio Aguilera‑Albesa2,6 · Valentín Alzina de Aguilar7,8 · Mercedes Herranz Aguirre2,4 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 / Published online: 28 September 2020 © Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2020
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 in children, or pediatric COVID-19, initially was described as an acute respiratory syndrome similar to the adult presentation but with less severe manifestations. Methods We describe the clinical characteristics, disease presentation, treatments and outcomes of all pediatric cases with COVID-19 admitted to the reference hospitals in Navarra, Spain during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (February–May 2020). Results We found a low number of hospitalized cases in infants and children compared to adults with a hospitalization ratio of 1:180. Most of these hospitalized cases did not suffer from severe disease. Over 80% of infections reported household contacts, and the mother was the known-contact in 83% of these cases. 72% of hospitalized cases were previously healthy children. We describe how symptoms in pediatric cases are nonspecific and how COVID-19 can be presented with a wide range and variety of symptoms. Respiratory symptoms are not always present, and severe neurological and cardiac features can occur in previously healthy children. Conclusion Epidemiological description and case reports will be key to a better recognition and to adequate treatment of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Keywords Coronavirus disease 2019 · Hospitalization · Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Introduction Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the etiological pathogen responsible of a cluster of severe pneumonia [1], this coronavirus has rapidly spread worldwide, causing a global pandemic [2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) initially named * Laura Moreno‑Galarraga [email protected]; [email protected] 1
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Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, CHN, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
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Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, CHN, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Department of Pediatrics, CUN, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Department of Pediatrics, CHN, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
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Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, CHN, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31080 Pamplona,
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