Sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Turkey, with the discovery of Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954 in the Mediterranean Sea
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Sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Turkey, with the discovery of Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954 in the Mediterranean Sea and the re-description of a rare caligid copepod, Caligus scribae Essafi, Cabral & Raibaut, 1984 ¨ zak Argun Akif O
Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The current status of the caligid copepods parasitic on marine fishes off Turkey is reviewed and an updated checklist comprising a total of 24 species, belonging to three different genera, Caligus O. F. Mu¨ller, 1785, Euryphorus H. Milne Edwards, 1840 and Lepeophtheirus von Nordmann, 1832, is presented together with habitus illustrations and a key to all 24 species. Two of the species of caligids listed herein constitute new records for Turkish waters. The first, Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954, a well-known species of the genus, was collected from the common dolphin fish, Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus. The second, Caligus scribae Essafi, Cabral & Raibaut, 1984, a very rare and poorly known member of the genus, was sampled from a new teleost host, the parrot fish, Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus). Both fish species were caught in north-eastern Mediterranean waters off the Turkish coast. Caligus quadratus is only briefly described based on key diagnostic characters whereas a full re-description is provided for C. scribae, as the only description available for this species is incomplete and lacks detail. Sparisoma cretense is a new host record for C. scribae. In addition, this is the first report of C. quadratus from the Mediterranean.
¨ zak (&) A. A. O Department of Aquaculture & Fish Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Sarıc¸am, Adana, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction Caligid copepods, commonly referred to as ‘‘sea lice’’, are ectoparasites predominantly reported from a broad range of marine fishes and are important pests of finfish aquaculture (Johnson et al., 2004; Costello, 2009; Boxshall, 2018). With the most recently discovered new species, Caligus chinglonglini Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019 and C. kajii Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019, the family Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 now comprises a total of 508 valid species belonging to 30 valid genera and is the largest family within the order Siphonostomatoida (see Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019). Among these, the genera Caligus O. F. Mu¨ller, 1785 and Lepeophtheirus von Nordmann, 1832 are the most species-rich and contain the most commercially problematic species, including Caligus elongatus von Nordmann, 1832, C. rogercresseyi Boxshall & Bravo, 2000 and Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837). These species cause high mortalities in aquaculture, resulting in significant commercial losses in the salmon farming industry (Johnson et al., 2004; Boxshall, 2018). In addition, there are some reports indicating that sea lice may function as vectors for important fish diseases such as infectious salmon anemia (ISA) which is a major disease threat for wild and cultured sal
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