Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories
Jesuits established a large number of astronomical, geophysical and meteorological observatories during the 17th and 18th centuries and again during the 19th and 20th centuries throughout the world. The history of these observatories has never been publis
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 286
EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected])
Executive Committee
J. M. E. KUDPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University ofAmsterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands MEMBERS I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany J. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. F. BERTOLA, Universita di Padova, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France O. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.S.A. P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K. F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A. N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
SEARCHING THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH: THE HISTORY OF JESUIT OBSERVATORIES by AUGUSTIN UDIAS Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA. B.Y.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6252-9 ISBN 978-94-017-0349-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0349-9
Cover figure: Manuel Figueredo showing the European astronomic al tab les to the Maharajah Sawai lai Singh at the Astronomical Observatory of Jaipur, India.
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
Preface Part I. History 1. A Jesuit tradition: Jesuits, science and observatories. Jesuits and scientific societies. The reasons for scientific work and the foundation of observatories. The observatories and the Society of Jesus. Life and death ofthe observatories.
1
2. Observatories in Jesuit colleges and universities in Europe (1540-1773): 15 Mathematics and
