Selection of the Most Feasible Wastewater Treatment Technology in Pakistan Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Selection of the Most Feasible Wastewater Treatment Technology in Pakistan Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Yousaf Ali 1 & Hamza Pervez 1 & Jehangir Khan 1 Received: 22 October 2019 / Revised: 16 September 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract Industrialization plays an important role in the economic growth and development of a country. Pakistan is a developing country that heavily relies on its industrial sector to aid in its sustainable economic growth but the increase in the number of industries has also resulted in a rapid increase in pollution due to poor management of industrial effluents. Many technological solutions are available for wastewater treatment, ranging from conventional treatment methods to advanced technologies. However, the selection of an optimal wastewater treatment technology (WWTT) is a difficult task owing to several alternatives available and multiple criteria involved in the selection process. To resolve this issue, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate different WWTT based on certain pre-defined criteria, and selecting the most suitable technology using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. In this research, five WWTT used in Pakistan were evaluated based on ten criteria using fuzzy VIKOR method. The results of the study show that activated sludge is the most suitable technology for industrial wastewater treatment in Pakistan being ranked first, followed by membrane filtration and sequential batch reactor ranked second and third respectively. The study provides an evaluation framework for decision-makers in Pakistan to select the most appropriate technology for wastewater treatment. The selected alternative can further be implemented in the existing and upcoming industrial estates to reduce the ever-increasing water pollution in Pakistan. Keywords Economic growth . Industrial wastewater . Wastewater treatment technology (WWTT) . Sustainability . Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) . Fuzzy-VIKOR
Introduction The industrial sector of any country plays a very crucial role in its economic development. The industrial sector satisfies the needs of people by providing them output in the form of goods and services. It also provides employment opportunities to people which aids in increasing per capita and reduction in poverty. In the eighteenth century, the industrial revolution has been the major phenomenon that resulted in the transition * Yousaf Ali [email protected] Hamza Pervez [email protected] Jehangir Khan [email protected] 1
Department of Management Science, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute (GIKI) of Engineering science and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
of most developing countries into a developed state. Pakistan being a developing country also heavily relies on its industrial sector to aid in its sustainable economic growth and development. The industrial sector of Pakistan accounts for approximately 18% of gross domestic product (GDP) [1]. Although, the industrial sector of Pakistan i
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