Self-Stigma, Public-Stigma and Attitudes towards Professional Psychological Help: Psychometric Properties of the Greek V
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Self-Stigma, Public-Stigma and Attitudes towards Professional Psychological Help: Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of Three Relevant Questionnaires Georgios Efstathiou 1 & Elli Kouvaraki 1
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& George Ploubidis & Anastasia Kalantzi-Azizi
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Published online: 12 October 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract People are often reluctant to seek psychological help, mainly because they perceive helpseeking as a potential threat to their self-esteem. There is a need for cross-culturally valid instruments to assess attitudes, public- and self- stigma, which seem to play a critical role in seeking mental health treatment. We examined the factor structure, internal consistency, testretest reliability, as well as the construct, criterion and discriminant validity of the Greek version of three questionnaires – the Attitudes towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF; Fischer and Farina 1995); the Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (SSRPH; Komiya et al. 2000); and the Self stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH; Vogel et al. 2006) – in accordance with the original studies. EFA was used to explore the factor structure of the questionnaires in a sample of 1381 Greek University students. The resulting models were subjected to CFA to further test the latent structures. The data showed acceptable model fit for all three questionnaires. The internal consistency of the ATSPPH-SF was α = .76 and the 1-month test-retest reliability was .89 (N = 35). The internal consistency of the SSOSH and the SSRPH were α = .77 and α = .69, respectively. The discriminant and criterion validity of the SSOSH were satisfactory. Men reported higher SSRPH, SSOSH and ATSPPH scores than women. These differences remained significant after controlling for age. This study offers evidence to suggest that the Greek versions of the three questionnaires have acceptable psychometric properties. The data support the suitability and usefulness of the Greek versions of the three scales for assessing self-stigma, public-stigma and attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Compared with men, women perceived less public-stigma and selfstigma, and more favorable attitudes to seeking psychological help. Keywords Self-stigma . Public-stigma . Psychological help . Greek culture
* Elli Kouvaraki [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling (2019) 41:175–186
Introduction Despite the fact that the quality and effectiveness of mental health treatments and services have greatly improved, a lot of people who might benefit from psychological treatments choose not to obtain them (Andrews et al. 2001; Corrigan 2004), or they show poor adherence to prescribed services (Kessler et al. 2001; Stefl and Prosperi 1985). Specifically, research from large-scale epidemiological studies has suggested that 50 to 60% of people who would benefit from treatment do not seek it (Kessle
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