Seroprevalence of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at a Community Hospital Emergency Department and Outpatient Laboratory in
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Seroprevalence of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at a Community Hospital Emergency Department and Outpatient Laboratory in Northern Orange County, California Jason Yamaki 1,2 & Harry Peled 3 & Sajen Mathews 3 & David Park 3 & Mina Firoozi 3 & Kim Smith 3 & Lee Nguyen 3,4 Received: 15 September 2020 / Revised: 28 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute 2020
Abstract Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 20 million people worldwide, and the spread is most prevalent in the USA, where California had accounted over 240,000 cases in the initial 5 months of the pandemic. To estimate the number of infected persons in our community, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated the presence of immunoglobulin G, antibody for SARS-CoV-2 during the time period of July 15, 2020, to July 27, 2020. Testing was done on serum samples from patients who had visited affiliated outpatient clinics or our emergency department. Additionally, we collected age, gender, ethnicity, race, and location of testing. Results Eight hundred sixty-five tests were included in the study. The outpatient clinics cohort accounted for 56% of results and emergency department (ED) contributed 44%. The positive percentage of SARS-CoV-2 test was 9.4% (95% CI: 0.08–0.12). The positivity rates of the outpatient (5.6%) and ED (14.2%) setting differed. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was greatest in those that identified as Hispanic/Latino, 18.1% versus 13.4% in other groups. Specifically compared to the non-Hispanic/Latino population, the prevalence was significantly higher, with a relative risk of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.8–4.1), p < 0.0001. Conclusion The low antibody positivity rate in the community indicates the need for a vaccine. The Hispanic/Latino patient population should be considered for increased education on preventing transmission and acquisition of COVID-19 as well as being considered as a priority for vaccination once a vaccine is available. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . Immunoglobulin G
Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [1, 2]. The virus has caused more than 20 million infections worldwide, with global deaths nearing
* Lee Nguyen [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
2
Department of Pharmacy, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, USA
3
Providence St. Joseph Health System, St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, CA, USA
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CA Irvine, USA
three-quarters of a million [3, 4]. Within the USA, the number of cases exceeds five million, and within California, cases exceeded 240,000 during the first 5 months of the pandemic [4]. The spread o
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