Severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory lung disease in a patient with anorexia nervosa and severe and enduring malnutrit
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CASE REPORT
Open Access
Severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory lung disease in a patient with anorexia nervosa and severe and enduring malnutrition - a case report Anna Saran1 , Firszt Oliver1* , Tomasz Łosień2 , Monika Kulig-Kulesza1 , Jolanta Myga-Porosiło1 , Ewa Kluczewska1 and Dariusz Ziora3
Abstract Background: Persistent structural changes of the lungs in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients are rarely described in contemporary medical literature. The objective of our paper is to report a rare case of severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory changes to the lungs resulting from chronic malnutrition in a AN patient. Case presentation: We describe a patient with severe inflammatory lung disease caused by malnutrition, resulting in persistent bronchiectasis accompanying AN. We performed an analysis of the patient’s medical records including radiological findings and laboratory results. A review of available literature shows very little data available on this topic. Conclusion: Bronchiectasis and other structural changes of the lungs are rare, but severe complications of severe, chronic malnutrition. As exemplified by our case report, they may require extensive differential diagnosis and pose a significant clinical challenge due to their non-reversible character. A successful treatment relies heavily on the patient’s compliance and may be hard to achieve. Clinicians managing patients with anorexia nervosa should be wary of early respiratory tract dysfunction-related symptoms and always consider malnutrition bronchiectasis as a differential diagnosis option. Keywords: Anorexia nervosa, Emphysema, Bronchiectasis, Case report
Introduction The adverse effects of malnutrition resulting from AN (anorexia nervosa) affect every system of the human body. Abnormalities of the respiratory function in AN have also been researched in the past [1]. However, consequences of severe and enduring malnutrition are rarely described. Several mechanisms have been postulated to contribute to the development of bronchiectasis. These * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Radiology and Radiodiagnostics in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
include i.e. air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs [1, 2]. Coupled with an increased risk of infections due to the deterioration of the immune system [3–6], the authors point towards a multifactorial pathogenesis of structural lung changes in AN. From a clinical perspective, these can initially be often overlooked and not taken into consideration due to their rarity [7]. Furthermore, affected patients are likely to be at risk of further health complications including subsequent pulmonary infections. Our aim is to describe a rare case of severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory lung disease in a patient with AN resulting in recurrent infections of the
© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing
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