Sharks, rays and skates (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Marine Molasse (middle Burdigalian, early Miocen
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RESEARCH PAPER
Sharks, rays and skates (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Marine Molasse (middle Burdigalian, early Miocene) of the Simssee area (Bavaria, Germany), with comments on palaeogeographic and ecological patterns Jaime A. Villafaña1,2 · Giuseppe Marramà1,9 · Stefanie Klug3 · Jürgen Pollerspöck4 · Markus Balsberger5 · Marcelo Rivadeneira6,7,8 · Jürgen Kriwet1 Received: 3 November 2019 / Accepted: 27 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Elasmobranch remains are quite common in Miocene deposits and were the subject of numerous studies since the middle of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the taxonomic diversity of the Marine Molasse sharks, rays and skates is still largely unknown. Here, we describe 37 taxa from the lower Miocene of the Molasse Basin: 21 taxa could be identified at species level, whereas 15 taxa could only be assigned to genus and one taxon is left as order incertae sedis. The material was collected from deposits of the Auwiesholz Member of the Achen Formation (middle Burdigalian, middle Ottnangian age, ca. 17.8 Ma) exposed near Simssee, Upper Bavaria. This faunal assemblage is a mixture of shallow marine, near-coastal, pelagic and deep-water taxa. The fauna from Simssee displays different biogeographic dynamics at local and regional scales, possibly related to the intense climatic, oceanographic and tectonic events that occurred during the Eggenburgian–Ottnangian stages. The faunal relationships of the early Miocene chondrichthyan faunas from the Mediterranean Sea and Paratethys with others regions are established on the basis of qualitative (presence/absence) data. The beta diversity (Sørensen–Dice coefficient) of the Miocene Molasse elasmobranchs was used to characterize the taxonomic differentiation between localities and regions. According to our results, the fauna from Simssee shows close similarities with those from Switzerland, Austria, France and northern Germany. Faunal similarities and differences are mainly related to tectonic events and oceanographic variables (i.e. migration through seaway passages) or might represent collecting biases. Keywords Chondrichthyes · Molasse · Burdigalian · Early Miocene · Paratethys · Beta diversity Handling editor: Mike Reich. 2
Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
Giuseppe Marramà [email protected]
3
School of Science (GAUSS), Georg–August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Stefanie Klug [email protected]‑goettingen.de
4
Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany
5
Jürgen Pollerspöck juergen.pollerspoeck@shark‑references.com
Achberg 11, 83259 Schleching, Germany
6
Markus Balsberger [email protected]
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Av. Ossandon 877, Coquimbo, Chile
7
Marcelo Rivadeneira [email protected]
Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
8
Jürgen Kriwet juergen.kriwet@u
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