Biology of Skates

Skates have become a concern in recent years due to the preponderance of these elasmobranchs that are caught as bycatch or as a directed fishery. This has raised concern because skates have life history characteristics that may make them vulnerable to ove

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Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes 27

Series Editor DAVID L.G. NOAKES

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5826

David A. Ebert · James A. Sulikowski Editors

Biology of Skates

123

Editors: David A. Ebert Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Pacific Shark Research Center Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA

ISBN: 978-1-4020-9702-7

James A. Sulikowski University of New England Marine Science Center 11 Hills Beach Rd. Biddeford ME 04005, USA [email protected]

e-ISBN: 978-1-4020-9703-4

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9703-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008942792 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer.com

Contents

Preface: Biology of skates by D.A. Ebert & J.A. Sulikowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1–4

Biodiversity and systematics of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) by D.A. Ebert & L.J.V. Compagno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5–18

Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution by L.J.V. Compagno & D.A. Ebert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19–39

Food habits of the sandpaper skate, Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman, 1908) off central California: seasonal variation in diet linked to oceanographic conditions by C.S. Rinewalt, D.A. Ebert & G.M. Cailliet . . . . . . . . . . . 41–57 Food habits of the longnose skate, Raja rhina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880), in central California waters by H.J. Robinson, G.M. Cailliet & D.A. Ebert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59–73 Dietary comparisons of six skate species (Rajidae) in south-eastern Australian waters by M.A. Treloar, L.J.B. Laurenson & J.D. Stevens . . .

75–90

Comparative feeding ecology of four sympatric skate species off central California, USA by J.J. Bizzarro, H.J. Robinson, C.S. Rinewalt & D.A. Ebert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91–114 Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) by D.A. Ebert & J.J. Bizzarro . . 115–131 Normal embryonic development in the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria, with experimental observations on artificial insemination by C.A. Luer, C.J. Walsh, A.B. Bodine & J.T. Wyffels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133–149 Endocrinological investigation into the reproductive cycles of two sympatric skate species, Malacoraja senta and Amblyraja radiata, in the western Gulf of Maine by J. Kneebone, D.E. Ferguson, J.A. Sulikowski & P.C.W. Tsang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151–159 Mor