Shyness and Subjective Well-being in Chinese Adolescents: Self-efficacy Beliefs as Mediators
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Shyness and Subjective Well-being in Chinese Adolescents: Self-efficacy Beliefs as Mediators Caina Li1 Yuan Wang1 Meng Liu2 Cuicui Sun1 Ying Yang3 ●
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to examine the effect of multiple domains of self-efficacy on the relationship between shyness and subjective well-being among Chinese adolescents. A sample of 763 Chinese adolescents (M = 14.77 years old, SD = 1.63; 55% boys) completed the Shyness Scale, the Social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Regulatory Emotional SelfEfficacy Questionnaire, and the Subjective Well-Being Scale. Structural equation model analysis showed that both regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between shyness and subjective well-being. Moreover, shyness negatively influenced subjective well-being through the chain of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social self-efficacy. Overall, the findings supported the multiple mediating roles of selfefficacy beliefs between shyness and subjective well-being, which enhanced our understanding of how self-efficacy beliefs impact shy youths’ subjective well-being in China. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed. Keywords Shyness Subjective well-being Self-efficacy beliefs Multiple mediation effects ●
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Highlights Shyness was negatively associated with subjective well-being in Chinese adolescents. ● Both regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social self-efficacy partially mediated the effect of shyness on subjective well-being. ● Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social self-efficacy played a chain-mediating role between shyness and subjective well-being. ●
Shyness has received considerable attention from developmental and personality psychologists for many years. In general, individuals with a higher tendency of shyness exhibit more physical tension, anxiety, excessive negative self-evaluation and behavior inhibition in
* Ying Yang [email protected] 1
Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University Branch of Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
2
Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
3
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
social interaction (Asendorpf 1991; Rubin et al. 2009). With these features, shy people have been found to experience more loneliness (Findlay et al. 2009), depression (Murberg 2009), and lower subjective wellbeing (SWB; Liu et al. 2018). Although shyness has been extensively shown to negatively influence adolescents’ development in Western contexts (Rubin et al. 2009), the relationship between shyness and social-psychological outcomes, for example, SWB, remains inconclusive in Eastern culture. In addition, the underlying
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