Signal watermarking in bi-dimensional representations using matrix factorizations
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Signal watermarking in bi-dimensional representations using matrix factorizations Spiros Chountasis1 · Dimitrios Pappas2 · Vasilios N. Katsikis3
Received: 28 September 2014 / Revised: 19 December 2014 / Accepted: 6 April 2015 © SBMAC - Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional 2015
Abstract In the last few years, watermarking has become a powerful tool for data hiding and copyright protection. This paper presents a new noise-robust scheme for signal watermark embedding and extraction, applicable on the broad scientific field of information security, including speech and audio secure transmission. The proposed method employs bidimensional signal representations and the fractional Fourier transformation for watermark embedding and detection. An important feature of the current work is the introduction of matrix factorization and decomposition on these representations. The current scheme was also performed and evaluated for the case of an image. The efficiency and robustness of the procedure is proven experimentally. Keywords
Watermarking · SVD · QR · Fractional Fourier transform
Mathematics Subject Classification
15A09 · 65D10 · 94A12
Communicated by Antonio José Silva Neto.
B
Vasilios N. Katsikis [email protected]; [email protected] Spiros Chountasis [email protected] Dimitrios Pappas [email protected]
1
Independent Power Transmission Operator, Asklipiou 22, Krioneri, 14568 Athens, Greece
2
Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission Str, 10434 Athens, Greece
3
Division of Mathematics and Informatics, Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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S. Chountasis et al.
1 Introduction The watermarking approach (Autrusseau and Le Callet 2007; Cox et al. 2008; Hartung and Girod 1998; Kutter and Petitcolas 2000; Nikolaidis and Pitas 1998; Qi and Qi 2007; Savelonas and Chountasis 2010; Song et al. 2011; Stankovic et al. 2010) has been introduced as an effective information security tool, which has gained a considerable attention due to the increasing easiness of production and redistribution of an unauthorized duplicate and possibly manipulated copy of multimedia information. Audio watermarking is a technique of hiding copyright information into the transmitted data using methods that render the signal imperceptible. Digital speech watermarking provides a security technique for speaker authentication since a fraud can mimic the voice of the user. Moreover, it could be used to embed additional information without being perceptible to a listener. A digital watermark can be created from user- or transaction-specific information, which can be embedded in the speech. The embedded information can then be detected and verified at the receiver side to authenticate the speaker. The watermarked data should be robust to “attacks” such as watermark removal and impairment attack or communication channel noise, without exceeding an acceptable level of fidelity distortion. An interesting amount of propos
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