Sintering of Iron Ores in a Millipot in Comparison with Tablet Testing and Industrial Process
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ODUCTION
AT present, sinter is the major ferrous burden material used in the blast furnace (BF) for the production of hot metal, which accounts for about 70 pct of the world’s steel production annually.[1,2] However, with ever changing ore costs and specifications, steelmakers are increasingly motivated to use iron ore resources with
HUIBIN LI, PAUL ZULLI, RAY J. LONGBOTTOM, BRIAN J. MONAGHAN, and GUANGQING ZHANG are with the ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, School of Mechanical, Materials Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia. Contact e-mail: [email protected] DI ZHOU is with BlueScope Steel, Port Kembla, NSW, 2505, Australia. DAVID J. PINSON and SHENG J. CHEW are with the ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, School of Mechanical, Materials Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong and also with BlueScope Steel. LIMING LU is with the CSIRO Queensland Center for Advanced Technologies, Brisbane, QLD, 4069, Australia. Manuscript submitted January 22, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
a wider range of grades and mineral types previously considered unsuitable or uneconomical for sintering, as well as other iron-bearing materials such as plant by-products. This means that new issues requiring further investigation and understanding continue to arise, including the sintering of ore types with (a) overall higher gangue content, (b) elements that cause problems in the steel manufacturing operations, and (c) distinctive sintering performance compared with traditional hematite-rich iron ores. Laboratory-based investigation of the sintering performance and the behavior of the gangue components during sintering is an important step towards the successful utilization of these resources in steelmaking. In terms of laboratory-based sintering investigations, there are two generally accepted experimental scales utilized prior to industrial-scale trials being undertaken, viz. bench-scale tablet (compact) testing,[3–7] and pilotscale pot testing.[2,8–12] The former has the advantages of flexibility and more precise control of sintering conditions, but the effects of particle size and heterogeneity of the blend are neglected. The latter, which is carried out in pots with diameters between 150 and 500 mm, simulates the industrial sintering process and conditions, producing product sinter suitable for standard testing regimes, but is time consuming and labor-intensive. It is
therefore desirable to develop a smaller scale pot testing facility, a ‘‘millipot,’’ which avoids the above disadvantages of a large sinter pot but still provides industrially relevant information. Neither bench- nor pilot-scale can fully simulate the industrial sintering process. In order to obtain better simulation performance, especially in the formation of mineral phases during high-temperature sintering, the selection of the operating parameters in bench- and pilot-scale testing is crucial. In previous tablet testing investig
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