Skin Conditions of Baseball, Cricket, and Softball Players
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Skin Conditions of Baseball, Cricket, and Softball Players Joshua A. Farhadian • Brook E. Tlougan • Brian B. Adams • Jonathan S. Leventhal • Miguel R. Sanchez
Published online: 2 March 2013 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013
Abstract Each year in the United States over 80 million people participate in bat-and-ball sports, for example baseball and softball. Cricket, the world’s second most popular sport, is enjoyed by hundreds of millions of participants in such countries as India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, Bangladesh, South Africa, West Indies, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe. Although any player can develop skin disease as a result of participation in these bat-and-ball sports, competitive team athletes are especially prone to skin problems related to infection, trauma, allergy, solar exposure, and other causes. These diseases can produce symptoms that hinder individual athletic performance and participation. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and best-practice management of skin diseases that can develop as a result of participation in baseball, softball, and cricket.
J. A. Farhadian M. R. Sanchez Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA B. E. Tlougan (&) Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Ft. Washington, 12th floor, New York, NY 10032, USA e-mail: [email protected] B. B. Adams Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA J. S. Leventhal Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
1 Introduction Bat-and-ball sports, for example baseball, softball, and cricket, are played by athletes of all ages across the world. Often referred to as ‘‘America’s pastime’’, baseball is second only to basketball as the most popular team sport in the United States and is played in some form by more than 40 million persons, including 50,000 high school and 22,000 college athletes [1]. In 2011, the International Baseball Federation reported that 35 million persons participate in organized baseball competitions worldwide [2]. The American Softball Association estimates that 40 million individuals participate in organized softball leagues, playing an estimated 23 million games per year [3, 4]. The 2011 National Sporting Goods Association Sports Participation Survey estimated there were 12.3 million baseball and 10.4 million softball players in the US [5]. Although not a major sport in the United States, cricket is believed to be the second most popular sport internationally and is enjoyed by millions of people across the world, in such countries as India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, Bangladesh, South Africa, West Indies, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. Although international cricket participation is not well reported, the figure is likely to be in the hundreds of millions. It is estimated that 20–60 % of India’s population (1.24 billion) play cricket. In New Zealand, 8 % of adults and 13 % of
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