SNARC effect modulated by central executive control: revealed in a cue-based trisection task
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
SNARC effect modulated by central executive control: revealed in a cue‑based trisection task Ping Zhang1 · Bihua Cao1 · Fuhong Li1 Received: 26 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract People respond to small numbers faster with the left hand and respond to large numbers faster with the right hand, a phenomenon known as the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. Whether the SNARC effect originates from culturally determined long-term experience or the task-set-influenced temporary associations among spaces, locations, and numerical magnitudes in working memory (WM) is still controversial. In the present study, we used a trisection paradigm in which numbers were divided into three categories (small: 1, 2; middle: 4, 5, 6; and large: 8, 9) to explore whether the central executive control can modulate the SNARC effect. Participants were serially presented with a cue and a target number. The cue denoted a task rule, which informed participants to compare the target number with either 3 or 7. The cue was either switched or repeated across trials. We found that the SNARC effects were observed in the cue-switching condition. In the cue-repeat condition, the SNARC effect disappeared. These findings suggest that the SNARC effect is modulated by set-shifting-related central executive control in WM, supporting the view that the SNARC effect is WM-dependent.
Introduction The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect was first reported by Dehaene, Bossini, and Giraux (1993). In their experiment, individuals were randomly presented with one integer from 0–9 and asked to indicate whether the number was odd or even using a key with either their left or right hand. The results indicated that left-handed responses were faster than right-handed responses when responding to small numbers, whereas righthanded responses were faster when responding to large numbers. The SNARC effect has been observed with different research paradigms, such as the magnitude comparison task, line bisection task, or phoneme monitoring task (Cavézian et al., 2007; Cipora, Soltanlou, Reips, & Nuerk, 2019; Feldman, Oscar-Strom, Tzelgov, & Berger, 2019; Fias, Brysbaert, Geypens, & d’Ydewalle, 1996; Ninaus et al., 2017; van Dijck, Gevers, & Fias, 2009; Yu et al., 2020); different types of stimuli, such as Arabic numerals, English letters, or * Bihua Cao [email protected] * Fuhong Li [email protected] 1
School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
dots (Feldman et al., 2019; Fias, 2001; Hung, Hung, Tzeng, & Wu, 2008; Libertus, Woldorff, & Brannon, 2007; Nemeh, Humberstone, Yates, & Reeve, 2018; Pressigout, Charvillat, Mersad, & Doré-Mazars, 2019; Zhou, Chen, Chen, & Dong, 2008; Zhou, Shen, Li, Li, & Cui, 2016); different types of responses, such as manual response or eye movement (Bulf, Cassia, & Hevia, 2014; Cipora et al., 2019; Pfister, Schroeder, & Kunde, 2013; Pressigout et al., 2019; Pressigo
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