Social Determinants of Poor Knowledge on HIV Among Nepalese Males: Findings from National Survey 2011
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Social Determinants of Poor Knowledge on HIV Among Nepalese Males: Findings from National Survey 2011 Vishnu Khanal • Mandira Adhikari Rajendra Karkee
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Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Since the first case detection in Nepal in 1988, the number of cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are increasing. Limited studies exist concerning the knowledge on HIV among the Nepalese men. This study aimed to examine the social determinants of poor knowledge on HIV among Nepalese men aged 15–49 years based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2011. This study is based on the secondary data of NDHS 2011. HIV knowledge was assessed by using structured qustionnaire. A Chi square test followed by logistic regression was performed to find the association of social determinants with outcome variables. Of the 3,991 participants, 1,217 (30.5 %) had comprehensive knowledge and the majority (69.5 %) had poor knowledge on HIV. More than half (54.6 %) reported that mosquito bite can transmit HIV and 26.5 % reported that sharing food can transmit HIV. Respondents who were uneducated [aOR 10.782; 95 % CI (6.673– 17.421)], were manual workers [aOR 1.442; 95 % CI (1.152–1.804)], were poor [aOR 1.847; 95 % CI (1.350– 2.570)]; lived in the the Eastern region [aOR 2.203 (1.738–2.793)], or in the Mountain [aOR 1.542; 95 % CI (1.132–1.864)]; did not read newspaper/magazine at all [aOR 1.454; 95 % CI (1.142–1.851)] and did not listen to the V. Khanal (&) Sauraha Pharsatikar Village Development Committee-1, Rupandehi, Nepal e-mail: [email protected] M. Adhikari Population Services International, Kathmandu, Nepal e-mail: [email protected] R. Karkee School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal e-mail: [email protected]
radio at all [aOR 1.354; 95 % CI (1.046–1.752)] were likely to have poor knowledge of HIV. HIV prevention programs should include men incorporating appropriate educatoinal intervention to increase their knowledge. Keywords Cross Sectional Survey Demographic and Health Survey HIV Knowledge Mode of transmission Nepal Social determinant
Introduction Since the first case was detected in Nepal in 1988, the number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections are increasing. As of August 2010, a total of 16,262 HIV were reported officially in Nepal [21]. A current estimate suggested that 63,528 people are currently living with HIV and AIDS in Nepal [21] and majority of them are male [15, 22]. There are three major groups based on the risk of getting HIV in Nepal-most at risk group, high risk group and low risk group. Injection drug users, men having sex with men, male sex workers, female sex workers, migrants and spouse of prison inmates are regarded as the most at risk population in Nepal; and young adults, uniformed service men and women, street children and trafficked girls are idetified as high risk groups in Nepal [15, 20, 22]. The remaining population are in low risk group. The low risk
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