Social Reliable D2D Relay for Trustworthy Paradigm in 5G Wireless Networks
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Social Reliable D2D Relay for Trustworthy Paradigm in 5G Wireless Networks Farooque Hassan Kumbhar1 · Navrati Saxena2 · Abhishek Roy3 Received: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract 5G wireless networks envision the usage of millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequencies for a manifold data rates and user capacity increase. However, the inherent line-of-sight (LoS) in mmWave communications raises significant challenges in providing seamless coverage across the dense 5G networks. Device-to-device (D2D) communications offer promising solutions for this LoS challenge by providing relay services. The selection of relay requires maintaining a certain level of trust and confidentiality of the devices. In this paper, we utilize social relationships among devices to form personal trust among different devices. Subsequently, we introduce distributed architecture for social relationships in D2D communications and we discuss new methods for a dynamic social relationship and trust management paradigm. Our analytical models not only show that the proposed scheme achieves 10% - 80% gain in device capacity, 30% - 200% increase in data rates, with approximately 50% less energy consumption over earlier methods, but also discuss co-existence with existing SINR based relay selection schemes. We present temporal dynamics of our social-communication graph using the random graph and Markov process. Our NS3 based 5G simulations demonstrate that our scheme obtains 3 - 5 times more throughput and 50 100m coverage extension, with relatively negligible additional delay. Keywords Social internet of things · Mmwave · Relay selection · Outage probability · Random graph
1 Introduction The exponential increase in the number of connected devices is attributed to the myriad of new applications, providing substantial services to today’s users. Only in 2016, half a billion mobile devices (429 million) are added, whereas the machine-to-machine modules grew from 7.6 billion in 2015 to 8 billion in 20161 . The smart devices already account for 46% of the mobile devices and by 2021 this will increase to three-quarters of the total. Thus, the 1 CISCO,
VNI 2016-2021 [Date Accessed: 13-June-2019] www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html Farooque Hassan Kumbhar
[email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
2
College of Software, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
3
MediaTek USA Inc., San Jose, USA
pressure on the cellular networks for resource allocation and management is increasing day by day. Over the past few years, the mobile traffic has experienced a gigantic 18fold growth and it is predicted that it will further increase by 7-fold within 20211 . The cellular networks need to handle and manage the massive number of devices including smart devices, internet-of-things (IoT) and M2M. Currently, 4G ne
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