Software Engineering Techniques Applied to Agricultural Systems An O

Software Engineering Techniques Applied to Agricultural Systems presents cutting-edge software engineering techniques for designing and implementing better agricultural software systems based on the object-oriented paradigm and the Unified Modeling L

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Applied Optimization VOLUME 100 Series Editors: Panos M. Pardalos University of Florida, U.S. A, Donald W. Heam University of Florida, U.S.A.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS An Object-Oriented and UML Approach

By PETRAQ J. PAPAJORGJI University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida PANOS M. PARDALOS University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

Spriinger

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Papajorgji, Petraq J. Software engineering techniques applied to agricultural systems : an object-oriented and UML approach / by Petraq J. Papajorgji, Panos M. Pardalos. p. cm. — (Applied optimization ; v. 100) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-387-28170-3 (alk. paper) - ISBN 0-387-28171-1 (e-book) 1. Agriculture—Data processing. 2. Software engineering. 3. Object-oriented programming (Computer science) 4. UML (Computer science) I. Pardalos, P.M. (Panos M.), 1 9 5 4 - II. Title. III. Series. S494.5.D3P27 2006 630'.2'085-dc22

2005051562 AMS Subject Classifications: 68N99, 68U35

lSBN-10: 0-387-28170-3 e-lSBN-10: 0-387-28171-1

lSBN-13: 978-0387-28170-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-0387-28171-1

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science-HBusiness Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if the are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springeronline.com

SPIN 11534631

To our children: Dea Petraq Papajorgji and Miltiades Panos Pardalos

Contents

Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

1

PART 1: CONCEPTS AND NOTATIONS

3

Chapter 1 PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS

5

1. 2.

HISTORY OF INCREASING THE LEVEL OF ABSTRACTION 5 OBJECT-ORIENTED VERSUS OTHER PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS 9

Chapter 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE OBJECT-ORIENTED PARADIGM 1. 2. 3.

ABSTRACTION ENCAPSULATION MODULARITY

Chapter 3 OBJECT-ORIENTED CONCEPTS AND THEIR UML NOTATION

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

OBJECT CLASSES ATTRIBUTES OPERATIONS POLYMORPHISM INTERFACES COMPONENTS

13 13 17 18

21 21 22 23 24 25 26 31

viii

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES 8.

PACKAGES

33

9.

SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS

33

10.

NOTES

37

11.

STEREOTYPES

37

Chapter 4 RELATIONSHIPS

41

1.

ASSOCIATIONS

41

2.

AGGREGATION

46

3.

COMPOSITION

47

4.

DEPENDENCY

48 49

5.

GENERALIZATION

6.

ABSTRACT CLASSES

55

7.

ABSTRACT CLASSES VERSUS INTERFACES

58

8.

REALIZATION

58

Chapter 5 USE CASES AND ACTORS 1.

ACTORS

2.

USE CASES

2.1 2.2

Extend relationship Include relations