Soil fungal community composition differs significantly among the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Soil fungal community composition differs significantly among the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau Tao Zhang1 · Nengfei Wang2 · Liyan Yu1 Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 / Published online: 25 September 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fungi are widely distributed in all terrestrial ecosystems, and they are essential to the recycling of nutrients in all terrestrial habitats on earth. We wanted to determine the relationship between soil fungal communities and geochemical factors (geographical location and soil physicochemical properties) in three widely separated geographical regions (the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibet Plateau). Using high-throughput Illumina amplicon sequencing, we characterized the fungal communities in 53 soil samples collected from the three regions. The fungal richness and diversity indices were not significantly different among the three regions. However, fungal community composition and many fungal taxa (Thelebolales, Verrucariales, Sordariales, Chaetothyriales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales, Capnodiales, and Dothideales) significantly differed among three regions. Furthermore, geographical location (latitude and altitude) and six soil physicochemical properties ( SiO42−-Si, pH, NO3−-N, organic nitrogen, NO2−-N, and organic carbon) were significant geochemical factors those were correlated with the soil fungal community composition. These results suggest that many geochemical factors influence the distribution of the fungal species within the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibet Plateau. Keywords Fungal diversity · High-throughput sequencing · Geographical location · Physicochemical properties
Introduction Fungi represent a large proportion of the biodiversity on Earth that comprise approximately 100,000 described species (Kirk et al. 2008), but up to 5.1 million species of global fungal diversity are estimated to exist in nature (Blackwell Communicated by A. Oren. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01197-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tao Zhang [email protected] * Liyan Yu [email protected] 1
China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
2
2011). They are widely distributed in all terrestrial ecosystems from the tropics to bipolar regions and typically live in highly diverse communities composed of multiple ecological guilds, such as saprotroph (live on dead material: dung, leaf, plant, soil, wood), symbiotroph (ectomycorrhizal, ericoid mycorrhizal, endophyte, lichenized), and pathogens of plants and animals (Nguyen et al. 2016). Despite their enormous diversity and importance in ecosystem functions, diversity and distribution of soil
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