Species Selection in Tropical Forestry
At present, nearly five million hectares of trees are planted each year in tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas, but only a fraction of the genetic tree pool is utilized for this purpose. From a total of ca. 51,000 tree species, only 215 species accoun
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantation Species Utilized in the Tropics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importance of the Selection Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Experiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Species Selection Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantation Objectives and Corresponding Species Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Site Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate Change Safeguards for Species Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Available Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Selection Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
At present, nearly five million hectares of trees are planted each year in tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas, but only a fraction of the genetic tree pool is utilized for this purpose. From a total of ca. 51,000 tree species, only 215 species account for 93 % of all tree plantations in the tropics. This selection denotes the use of just 0.42 % of the available tree gene pool of the tropics. Nonetheless, the majority of plantation projects do not apply a systematic selection process for the needed species. This chapter provides an overview of the major plantation objectives with the corresponding species profiles (industrial tree plantations, protection plantations, village plantations, agroforestry systems, enrichment planting, rehabilitation of degraded forest sites, rehabilitation of mining sites,
L. Pancel (*) Deutsche Gesellschaft f€ ur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, La Libertad, El Salvador e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 L. Pancel, M. Ko¨hl (eds.), Tropical Forestry Handbook, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_114
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and urban plantations). The defined site characteristics, altitude, temperature, precipitation,
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