Spectroscopic, optical, magnetic and dielectric investigation of the orthoborate Ba 2 Co(BO 3 ) 2 nanopowder
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Spectroscopic, optical, magnetic and dielectric investigation of the orthoborate Ba2Co(BO3)2 nanopowder F.‑E. N’faoui1 · M. Taibi1 · J. Aride1 · A. Boukhari2 · H. Saadaoui3 · M. Rouziéres3 Received: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nano-polycrystalline phase of B a2Co(BO3)2, has been successfully obtained by the standard solid-state reaction. The Ba2Co(BO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic cell with the space group C2/m. The cell parameters are: a = 12.027 Å, b = 5.340 Å, c = 10.295 Å, and β = 117.228°. The average grain size determined from Debye–Scherer’s equation is 40.29 nm. The surface morphology of the studied borate is consisting of the regular-shaped particles and the SEM reveals homogenous particles of nanotubes shapes. The elemental composition is confirmed by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). The infrared and Raman studies confirm the existence of the BO3 groups. The calculated gap energy (E = 3.57 eV for the indirect mode and E = 3.9 eV for the direct one) is reported which is typical for wide-band-gap semiconductor materials. The magnetic measurements established that the predominant interactions in this borate are antiferromagnetic. The thermal investigation of the borate studied by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) highlights several anomalies, which could correspond either to phase transitions or to change in the physical behavior of the material. These phenomena are observed and interpreted by means of the dielectric study at high temperature.
1 Introduction The borates are very interesting materials as shown by various diverse applications, such as resonators or transducers and capacitors for the ferroelectrics families. The borate based in non-linear optical crystals can largely satisfy the frequency-conversion requirements of the laser industry from the visible to near-ultraviolet and for their low temperature synthesis [1]. For example, the borate BaB2O4 has been used widely in electro-optical application such as frequency conversions in laser spectroscopy [2]. Moreover, the metal borate materials have interest magnetic properties, such as, * F.‑E. N’faoui [email protected] 1
Centre Sciences des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Physico‑Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques et Organiques (LPCMIO), Ecole Normale Supérieure (E.N.S), Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
2
Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquee des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
3
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal CRPP-CNRS UPR 8641 Research Team for “Molecular Materials & Magnetism, 115, Avenue du Dr A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
the iron borate FeBO3 is classified as weakly ferromagnetic [3] and the S rCu2(BO3)2 exhibits a transition to an antiferromagnetic state below 14 K [4]. Many investigations have been carried out, in single crystal and polycrystalline forms on the alkali and alkali-earth m
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